Education
Everything you know about Brown v. Board of Education is wrong

Seventy years ago, on May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court issued a ruling declaring racially segregated public schools unconstitutional.
The court’s ruling resolved a lawsuit filed by black parents fighting segregation laws in Topeka, Kansas. Future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall argued the case on behalf of the plaintiffs as part of the NAACP Legal Defense Funds’ efforts to overturn the 60-year-old “separate but equal” doctrine. On May 17, 1954, SCOTUS issued a unanimous decision, endlessly desegregating America’s public schools. Today, this landmark court case is being hailed as one of an important victories of the Civil Rights Movement. There is just one problem with this narrative:
Nothing like this has ever happened.
As with most versions of black history, there are two versions of the story. In your seventh-grade social studies textbook, you read a story that illustrates the slow but regular racial progress in America. While this uplifting tale is based on a near-true story, there is one other, lesser-known version:
In honor of the seventieth anniversary of this pivotal case history, listed below are 10 unwhitewashed facts you probably didn’t know.
1. You’re saying it wrong.
The first (and maybe most vital fact) about . is that it should actually be called
The case as we know it began when parents in Summerton, South Carolina, filed a lawsuit against Clarendon County School Board President R.W. Elliott. In a college district that was greater than 70 percent black, segregated all-white schools had 32 school buses, while black children needed to walk as much as nine miles to achieve their neglected schools. On May 16, 1950, the NAACP filed a lawsuit on behalf of black students, the primary of whom, alphabetically, was Harry Briggs Jr. A 12 months later, Oliver Brown filed a case on behalf of his daughter, Linda Brown.
Typically, Supreme Court cases are listed in alphabetical order by plaintiff or, within the case of a consolidated case, chronologically. The Supreme Court ultimately consolidated Briggs, Brown, and three other segregation cases once they got here before the court. Although Briggs was first in alphabetical order, the consolidated lawsuit was named after the Kansas case.
Even if the choice was named in reference to the Kansas case, it still mustn’t be called “When.” Oliver Brown tried to enroll his daughter in a close-by all-white school fairly than one a mile away, he joined a class-action lawsuit that was already pending. He was allowed to hitch the lawsuit since the remaining Topeka plaintiffs were women and the NAACP felt it will be higher to have a person spearheading the case.
2. Why there is no name
He was first in alphabetical order again. It was chronologically first. But for some reason the case was called
“We consolidated them and made Brown the first so that the whole thing wouldn’t feel like it was purely Southern,” Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark told Richard Kluger within the book “Simple Justice.” Some historians say Governor of South Carolina James F. Byrnesa staunch supporter of segregation and former Supreme Court justice, he convinced justices to defy the court’s naming convention after promising voters that “white and coloured children won’t “mix” in schools”
Earlier this 12 monthsThe Supreme Court dismissed the request to alter the name.
3. Segregation was not mandatory in Kansas.
One reason for changing the name of the case was that, unlike the opposite 4 states included within the lawsuit, most of Kansas’ schools were already integrated.
They sued the Topeka Board of Education because: Kansas law of 1877 gave districts in large cities the flexibility to segregate elementary schools. Like schools in small towns across the state, Topeka High School was already integrated. By contrast, integrated schools in South Carolina weren’t only illegal; they were constitutionally mandated.
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4. Integration was never the goal.
The Browns were also the one plaintiffs to expressly ask the court to permit their daughter to attend an all-white school. South Carolina plaintiffs demanded. Their entire case was based on the idea that white students were making the most of the theft of funds paid for by Summerton’s majority black residents. 107 parents who signed the act Petitionthis led to a case demanding “educational advantages and facilities equal in all respects to those afforded to whites.”
5. Thurgood Marshall was not an attorney
Attorneys Robert Carter and Jack Greenberg represented the Topeka case, while Marshall initially filed the lawsuit in South Carolina. Only after the justices consolidated the cases was Marshall chosen to deliver oral arguments before the Supreme Court.
6. created a brand new type of school.
Have you ever wondered why the demographics of most cities are a lot whiter than the demographics of school districts? For example, while the under 18 population within the US is 47.3% whitepublic schools are 43% white.
He did it.
Instead of integrating their schools, tens of millions of white families abandoned public schools private, all-white schools that also exist today. Today, Republican legislators in Georgia, Florida and other states are struggling to make use of public funds to finance these private, mostly white institutions.
7.
One of essentially the most famous by-products was The infamous “Doll Study” by Dr. Kenneth Clark.
The first psychological research project cited by the Supreme Court was commissioned specifically for the Briggs case to point out the psychological effects of segregation on black children. Scientists found that racial discrimination created feelings of inferiority and self-loathing in black children: “If society says that it is better to be white, not only whites but also Negroes come to believe it, Clarke testified. “The child may try to escape the trap of inferiority by denying the fact of his race.”
8. The Briggs family was driven out of town.
Shortly after filing the petition, Harry Briggs, Sr. was fired from his job at a neighborhood gas station, as was his wife, Eliza Briggs. The bank president then took over the family automotive. Even the family cow was trapped.
Not seriously.
Never mind.
9. The case was a matter of life and death.
Equality and justice weren’t the one causes of the Briggs case. The spark that lit the fuse occurred when an elementary school student drowned after falling from a raft on his option to school. For many students it was the one option to get to high school. Even once they arrived safely in school, they still had to gather wood to make a fireplace because there was no heating in black schools.
If only black people cared about education.
10. The case didn’t concern integrated schools.
Down integrate means “to form, coordinate, or combine into a functioning or unified whole” or “to end segregation and ensure equal membership in a society or organization.” Integration is defined as “the inclusion of equals in society or the organization of individuals from different groups.”
The Supreme Court’s decision did none of this stuff
Even though the court unanimously ruled that segregation was unconstitutional; white people largely ignored this decision. South Carolina had only just begun the desegregation process 1963. Mississippi, Virginia and other states began “mass resistance“, which opposed the Supreme Court’s decision for 15 years. Even today, most Black people children attend schools segregated by skin color. Nationally, white children are a minority in the public school system, but 77% attend predominantly white schools. Most non-white school districts receive them $23 billion less in financing than their mostly white counterparts. Black activists took advantage of the Supreme Court’s decision to make sure that the American education system stays separate and unequal.

Education
Protect education for a stronger America

Freedom begins with an informed mind.
Dr. Russ Wigginton
On the heels of the historical anniversary, our country is reminded of how far now we have come and the way much work stays due to the lens of education. On May 17, it meant 71 years from the choice of 1954, which stated that education should be available to everyone. The recent removal of security by the Department of Justice in an effort to monitor the desegregation of faculties through a court decision within the Sixties in Louisiana and potentially other southern states threatens the spirit of this viewpoint.
In addition, throughout our country, from underfunded public schools to well -equipped campuses of universities and universities, education is within the face of many serious challenges. One of the most important challenges isn’t only resources, but is the idea of the actual value of education – threats to free pondering and important query. Without these basic principles, we weaken our collective ability to realize our full potential individually and as a community. We risk that we don’t confirm the past, not understanding our present and move to the longer term without a clear purpose and direction.
Basic and medium education are at the guts of this fight. At this point, students learn in regards to the attempts and torments of our country and where they learn to query, empatize and critically think that they were involved in residents as adults. When these possibilities are minimized for young people, we’re all reduced.
Higher education isn’t resistant. Universities – traditional places for open dialogue and strict debate – rise under the pressure of limiting discussions about diversity and inclusion. Professors and students who query conventional perspectives encounter growing resistance. Even our most prestigious institutions are forced to a simplified version of education, which hesitates to confront uncomfortable truths.
This moment requires reflection on who we aspire in the longer term and resistance before returning to the place where we were previously. It is in regards to the behavior of the American tradition of free investigation and a solid debate. Healthy democracy relies on residents who can think themselves, get entangled with different points of view and pull them and the leaders.
Institutions similar to the National Museum of Civil Rights play a vital role in maintaining this spirit. For example, the Reading Ruby Bridges Reading festival provides children with access to necessary books recognized and emerging authors – including many whose works are banned elsewhere. Ruby Bridges Award Award Award, is an activist for civil rights, who on the age of 6 was the primary black student who integrated completely the White Primary School in New Orleans in 1960. She was born in Mississippi in 1954, in the identical yr the American Supreme Court transferred its field decision, ordering the combination of public schools. The festival is a commitment to making sure future generations of understanding the complete history of the fight and achievements of our nation and to make sure that the voices of young individuals are valued.
History shows us that when education is proscribed, societies turn into more prone to division and authoritarianism. When curiosity and empathy are discouraged, the fundamentals of community and democracy weaken.
Education protection is common responsibility. This signifies that our schools and universities remain places of truth, inquiry and understanding. This means supporting teachers, strengthening students’ position and inspiring leaders to depend on open dialogues than fear.
Freedom begins with an informed mind. By investing in fair education, we put money into stronger, more resistant America. The rates are high. Together, we must select a path of hope, unity and thoughtful commitment.
Education
Board of Florida A&M University chooses Marva Johnson, a lobbyist with draws from Desantis as the next president

The only historically public Black University of Board of Florida selected a lobbyist with connections with the Republican government Ron Desantis as the next president of the school, Disturbing studentsLecturers and graduates who’re outraged by the Governor’s efforts reduce teaching With History of African Americans AND ban on public universities from using taxpayers’ money to diversity programs.
The Florida A&M University of Florida Voted on Friday to decide on Marva Johnson, director of communication between the charter telecommunications company and a former member of the State Education Council, who advertised her experience in climbing the corporate ladder and moving after state laws. Johnson, which have to be confirmed by the Governors’ Council, was previously tapping in various state boards by Desantis after which. Rick Scott.

“As a leader, I tell resources. I move mountains if they stand in your way,” Johnson told the board during his interview. “At this point of my career I will not be the best scientist.”
The appointment of Johnson at the end of the controversial and sometimes emotional process, which, as critics claimed, had no transparency and were contaminated by political influence. One member of the board of FAMU resigned after suggesting the school suspension school to unravel community problems.
Johnson’s supporters said that although he isn’t an educational leader, he is ready to maneuver around the changing landscape of higher education, at a time when public universities are increasingly depending on the political priorities of legislators.
“We have to survive in Florida,” said Jamal Brown, president of the Faculty Senate and a member of the board. “This moment requires someone who understands the systems that finance and rule us, because now our survival depends on how we move these systems.”
The alternative of Johnson got here to the violent opposition of some of the worst supporters of the school who have fun the heritage of black perfection, social mobility and cultural pride.
“There was a lack of intellectual depth and a gap in a cultural relationship, which was simply painfully glaring,” said the chairman of the board of Kirstin Harper about Johnson.
“In the era of a decision on employment based on merits, how can you justify the decision of a candidate who does not meet all the criteria of the position? Or close the eyes to exceptionally qualified candidates?” Harper added.
The management board selected Johnson in the field of 4 finalists, including the operational director of FAMU, Donald Palm, who was a clear favorite from the open contingent of students and supporters of the University, and who was supported by the impact of the school at college Association of Graduates.

“When you do not have your students, lecturers and graduates behind you, regardless of their relationships, it is a recipe for a disaster”, a film producer and Alum Will Packer told the board before voting. “Do not set Marva Johnson to fail. Do not put her able to take over the home seriously divided.”
Johnson’s nomination appears at a time when public universities are struggling Assembly threats to them country AND Federal financingAnd as officials supervising public universities of Florida – many of whom were appointed by Desantis – they’re increasingly paying former legislators of the republican state Down manage.
A member of the board of Belvin Perry said that in a conversation with the governor’s employees he didn’t feel any political pressure to decide on a specific candidate. Perry finally voted for Palm, although he thought Johnson’s alternative was inevitable.
“This is a foregone conclusion about today’s vote,” said Perry. “That’s true”.
(Tagstranslate) @Ap
Education
Dad wants to answer after the son is exposed to gay porn at school

A teacher from Minneapolis is on vacation after one in all his students is a tool that showed gay porn.
A parent from Minneapolis Public Schools, Levi Chapman, demands responsibility after his third son was allegedly exposed to pornography on the teacher’s personal iPad during classes.
The incident took place two weeks ago in Las Estrellas Elementary, when a baby who forgot a laptop issued by a district borrowed a tool from his teacher.
According to court documents and interviews along with his father, Chapman, the student described a pop -up window showing “a group of naked men on each other” before the teacher intervened and regained the iPad.
“He and another student sat there and they closed the tab. Well, this card that jumped to them. My son described it as” a handful of naked men lying on himself … The teacher approached to see what was happening, and my son said that he was nervous at him and said: “You crumble my personal privacy” and he took an iPad from him, “said Chapman.
Chapman said the teacher Initially, he refused to change In the lender’s laptop, leaving his son “very uncomfortable”, until he finally received the appropriate equipment.
Public schools in Minneapolis have placed a teacher on administrative leave since it studies circumstances that allow access to open content.
In the statement, the district stated that it seriously approaches such allegations and would follow all relevant protocols, but cited the provisions on data privacy and refused to provide further details. “Public schools in Minneapolis treat such allegations seriously and will comply with significant district protocols. These allegations are currently being examined, and due to the provisions regarding data privacy, we are not able to disclose the detailed details related to this incident.”
Chapman, who also contacted the Department of Education in Minnesota, said that since then the district employees have created a care plan for his or her son and moved him to one other class.
“I would like the teacher to give him the right device from the very beginning,” said Chapman, adding that the family hopes that the district will change the rules on the production of lenders to prevent similar incidents.
The State Education Department reviews whether the incident is subject to the statute of abuse of kids and might proceed the independent investigation. Meanwhile, Chapman and other parents call for MPs to strengthen digital security, implement clear protocols for sharing devices and supply teachers with training in the field of supervising student devices. Because schools are increasingly counting on personal devices in the field of technological gaps, supporters say that solid policies are needed to protect children from inappropriate online materials.
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