Education
Everything you know about Brown v. Board of Education is wrong

Seventy years ago, on May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court issued a ruling declaring racially segregated public schools unconstitutional.
The court’s ruling resolved a lawsuit filed by black parents fighting segregation laws in Topeka, Kansas. Future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall argued the case on behalf of the plaintiffs as part of the NAACP Legal Defense Funds’ efforts to overturn the 60-year-old “separate but equal” doctrine. On May 17, 1954, SCOTUS issued a unanimous decision, endlessly desegregating America’s public schools. Today, this landmark court case is being hailed as one of an important victories of the Civil Rights Movement. There is just one problem with this narrative:
Nothing like this has ever happened.
As with most versions of black history, there are two versions of the story. In your seventh-grade social studies textbook, you read a story that illustrates the slow but regular racial progress in America. While this uplifting tale is based on a near-true story, there is one other, lesser-known version:
In honor of the seventieth anniversary of this pivotal case history, listed below are 10 unwhitewashed facts you probably didn’t know.
1. You’re saying it wrong.
The first (and maybe most vital fact) about . is that it should actually be called
The case as we know it began when parents in Summerton, South Carolina, filed a lawsuit against Clarendon County School Board President R.W. Elliott. In a college district that was greater than 70 percent black, segregated all-white schools had 32 school buses, while black children needed to walk as much as nine miles to achieve their neglected schools. On May 16, 1950, the NAACP filed a lawsuit on behalf of black students, the primary of whom, alphabetically, was Harry Briggs Jr. A 12 months later, Oliver Brown filed a case on behalf of his daughter, Linda Brown.
Typically, Supreme Court cases are listed in alphabetical order by plaintiff or, within the case of a consolidated case, chronologically. The Supreme Court ultimately consolidated Briggs, Brown, and three other segregation cases once they got here before the court. Although Briggs was first in alphabetical order, the consolidated lawsuit was named after the Kansas case.
Even if the choice was named in reference to the Kansas case, it still mustn’t be called “When.” Oliver Brown tried to enroll his daughter in a close-by all-white school fairly than one a mile away, he joined a class-action lawsuit that was already pending. He was allowed to hitch the lawsuit since the remaining Topeka plaintiffs were women and the NAACP felt it will be higher to have a person spearheading the case.
2. Why there is no name
He was first in alphabetical order again. It was chronologically first. But for some reason the case was called
“We consolidated them and made Brown the first so that the whole thing wouldn’t feel like it was purely Southern,” Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark told Richard Kluger within the book “Simple Justice.” Some historians say Governor of South Carolina James F. Byrnesa staunch supporter of segregation and former Supreme Court justice, he convinced justices to defy the court’s naming convention after promising voters that “white and coloured children won’t “mix” in schools”
Earlier this 12 monthsThe Supreme Court dismissed the request to alter the name.
3. Segregation was not mandatory in Kansas.
One reason for changing the name of the case was that, unlike the opposite 4 states included within the lawsuit, most of Kansas’ schools were already integrated.
They sued the Topeka Board of Education because: Kansas law of 1877 gave districts in large cities the flexibility to segregate elementary schools. Like schools in small towns across the state, Topeka High School was already integrated. By contrast, integrated schools in South Carolina weren’t only illegal; they were constitutionally mandated.
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4. Integration was never the goal.
The Browns were also the one plaintiffs to expressly ask the court to permit their daughter to attend an all-white school. South Carolina plaintiffs demanded. Their entire case was based on the idea that white students were making the most of the theft of funds paid for by Summerton’s majority black residents. 107 parents who signed the act Petitionthis led to a case demanding “educational advantages and facilities equal in all respects to those afforded to whites.”
5. Thurgood Marshall was not an attorney
Attorneys Robert Carter and Jack Greenberg represented the Topeka case, while Marshall initially filed the lawsuit in South Carolina. Only after the justices consolidated the cases was Marshall chosen to deliver oral arguments before the Supreme Court.
6. created a brand new type of school.
Have you ever wondered why the demographics of most cities are a lot whiter than the demographics of school districts? For example, while the under 18 population within the US is 47.3% whitepublic schools are 43% white.
He did it.
Instead of integrating their schools, tens of millions of white families abandoned public schools private, all-white schools that also exist today. Today, Republican legislators in Georgia, Florida and other states are struggling to make use of public funds to finance these private, mostly white institutions.
7.
One of essentially the most famous by-products was The infamous “Doll Study” by Dr. Kenneth Clark.
The first psychological research project cited by the Supreme Court was commissioned specifically for the Briggs case to point out the psychological effects of segregation on black children. Scientists found that racial discrimination created feelings of inferiority and self-loathing in black children: “If society says that it is better to be white, not only whites but also Negroes come to believe it, Clarke testified. “The child may try to escape the trap of inferiority by denying the fact of his race.”
8. The Briggs family was driven out of town.
Shortly after filing the petition, Harry Briggs, Sr. was fired from his job at a neighborhood gas station, as was his wife, Eliza Briggs. The bank president then took over the family automotive. Even the family cow was trapped.
Not seriously.
Never mind.
9. The case was a matter of life and death.
Equality and justice weren’t the one causes of the Briggs case. The spark that lit the fuse occurred when an elementary school student drowned after falling from a raft on his option to school. For many students it was the one option to get to high school. Even once they arrived safely in school, they still had to gather wood to make a fireplace because there was no heating in black schools.
If only black people cared about education.
10. The case didn’t concern integrated schools.
Down integrate means “to form, coordinate, or combine into a functioning or unified whole” or “to end segregation and ensure equal membership in a society or organization.” Integration is defined as “the inclusion of equals in society or the organization of individuals from different groups.”
The Supreme Court’s decision did none of this stuff
Even though the court unanimously ruled that segregation was unconstitutional; white people largely ignored this decision. South Carolina had only just begun the desegregation process 1963. Mississippi, Virginia and other states began “mass resistance“, which opposed the Supreme Court’s decision for 15 years. Even today, most Black people children attend schools segregated by skin color. Nationally, white children are a minority in the public school system, but 77% attend predominantly white schools. Most non-white school districts receive them $23 billion less in financing than their mostly white counterparts. Black activists took advantage of the Supreme Court’s decision to make sure that the American education system stays separate and unequal.

Education
The Trump administration cancels federal subsidies for the diversity of students

Students of the University of St. Thomas woke up in news about the dismissed grants of tuition fees.
He informed that potential special education teachers at the University of St. Thomas aren’t any longer entitled to receive federal subsidies.
Federal subsidy, granted to the schoolHe allocated $ 6.8 million to tuition fees. The loss of subsidies results from the efforts of Trump’s administration to limit the diversity, own capital and inclusion programs.
The President of the University of Rob Vischer talked about the unexpected loss of financing.
“To be honest, it was quite surprising to us,” said Vischer.
The President of the University of Minnesota hopes that the subsidy parameters might be modified to satisfy federal requirements. Vischer admitted that the intended use of the subsidy was to extend the representation of diversity in education, but diversity is just not a needed requirement.
“In accordance with the administration of Biden, the applicants were obliged to clarify how funds could develop the diversity of the teacher’s profession, which of course we did,” said Vischer.
“We don’t think the grant core is a priority. We still need more special education and basic teachers. So we hope that we will be able to show how the subsidy is in line with these new requirements and priorities. “
Like many other Trump initiatives, the legality of this movement is questioned by the federal government. According to Senator Tina Smith (D-Minnesota), the funds were approved by Congress a few years ago, during Biden administration, which makes unusual funds.
The school will appeal against the judgment, while finding alternative methods to be certain that his current students can complete the semester without access to subsidies.
“Regardless of this appeal, we are obliged to make sure that our students will be able to end the spring semester,” said Vischer.
So Vischer is concern about other students Receiving federal subsidies, because many of his programs have been adapted to expand diversity.
“In the case of so many of these subsidies during Biden administration, we had to explain how financing can also develop diversity. The work we have done to build a successful application for a subsidy last year is now a reason for canceling the subsidy. “
The university’s website currently lists five federal subsidies. If the Trump administration decides that Dei is one of the basic principles supported in subsidies, they might also disappear.
Education
Schools cut off bus services for children. Parents turn to the driving application

Chicago (AP) -ismael El-amin was Running a daughter to school When a random meeting gave him an idea for a brand new way to travel.
On the way by Chicago, the daughter of El-amina noticed a friend from a category riding together with her own dad once they went to a selective public school on the north side of the city. For 40 minutes they drove along the same crowded highway.
“They wave to each other in the back. I look at my dad. Dad looks at me. And I thought that parents can definitely be a resource for parents, “said El-amin, who began Found Piggyback Network, services that oldsters can use to book rides for their children.
Relying on school buses has been on Fight to find drivers And more students attend school far beyond their districts. As the responsibility for transport to the family, the query of how to replace a standard yellow bus moves, for some it has develop into an urgent problem and a spark of innovation.
State and native governments determine how to widely offer a college bus service. Recently, more has gone back. According to the federal motorway administration, only about 28% of American students drive a college bus questionnaire ended at the starting of last yr. This fell from about 36% in 2017.
Chicago public schools, the Fourth largest district of the nationIn recent years, he has significantly limited the bus service. He still offers rides for disabled people and homeless people, in accordance with the federal mandate, but most families are alone. Only 17,000 of 325,000 students of the district qualify for a college bus rides.
Last week, the school system launched a pilot program that enables some students who attend a magnet outside the neighborly or selective schools to catch a bus in the nearby “Hub Stop”. It goals to start from rides for about 1000 students until the end of the school yr.

It shouldn’t be enough to compensate for the lost service, said Erin Rose Schubert, a volunteer for CPS parents for Buses Advocacy Group.
“People who had money and privilege were able to determine other situations, such as observing work schedules or public transport,” she said. “People who did not do this had to pull their children out of school.”
In Piggyback Network, parents can book a ride for their online student with one other parent traveling in the same direction. Travels cost about 80 cents per mile, and drivers receive compensation using loans for their very own rides for children.
“This is an opportunity for children not to be late in school,” said 15-year-old Takia Phillips during the last Piggyback ride with El-amin as a driver.
The company organized several hundred rides in the first yr operating in Chicago, and El-amin contacts drivers for possible expansion in Virginia, North Carolina and Texas. This is one in all A number of startups which filled the void.
Unlike Piggyback Network, which connects parents, Hopskipdrive contradicts directly with school districts to help students without credible transport. The company launched ten years ago in Los Angeles with three moms trying to coordinate school journeys and now supports about 600 school districts in 13 states.
The regulations stop them from acting in some states, including Kentucky, wherein a bunch of scholars Louisville lobby on their behalf to change it.
After District stopped bus For most traditional and magnetic student schools, the group often called an actual young waste wrote a hip-hop song entitled “Where my bus at?” Song music video He was popular on YouTube with texts reminiscent of: “I am a good child. I also stay in the classroom. Teachers want me to succeed, but I can’t get to school. “
“These bus driver deficiencies do not really leave,” said Joanna McFarland, general director of Hoppdrive. “This is a structural change in the industry that we must seriously take care of.”
HopSkipdrive was a welcome option for the son of Reinai Gibson, Jerren Samuel, who attends a small highschool in Oakland, California. She said that the school cares about meeting his needs of the student with autism, but the district was transported because there is no such thing as a bus from their home in San Leandro.
“Growing up, people talked about children in short yellow buses. They were associated with physical disability and were irritated or ridiculed – said Gibson. “Nobody knows that it is a support for Jerren because he cannot accept public transport.”
Encouraging from his mother helped Jerren overcome the fear of driving with a stranger to school.
“I felt really independent in getting to this car,” he said.

Companies cope with children, claim that they check drivers widely, checking their fingerprints and requiring them to care for children or parenthood. Drivers and kids often receive slogans that must match, and fogeys can track the child’s whereabouts in real time through the application.
Kango, a competitor of HopSkipdrive in California and Arizona, began as a free application for a journey similar to the Piggyback network, and now he concludes contracts with school districts. Sara Schaer said that drivers receive greater than usual for Uber or Lyft, but there are sometimes more requirements, reminiscent of bringing some disabled students to school.
“This is not only the situation of the air conditioning curb, three minutes,” said Schaer. “You are responsible for taking this kid to school and from school. This is not the same as transporting an adult or decoration of someone’s lunch or dinner. “
In Chicago, some families who use Piggyback said they saw little alternatives.
Worrying about the growing city crime indicator, a retired policeman Sabrina Beck never considered her son to take Metro to Whitney Young High School. Since she led him, she volunteered through Piggyback to lead a primary -year student who qualified for a selective magnet school, but he was unable to reach.
“To have the opportunity to go and then miss it because you don’t have transport, it’s so harmful,” said Beck. “Such options are extremely important.”
After canceling the bus route, which took her two children to primary school, Jazmin Dillard and other parents from Chicago thought that they’d convinced the school to transfer the opening bell from 8:45 to 8:15, which is simpler for her to master the time of schedule. After this plan, it was scrapped because buses were needed elsewhere at the moment, Dillard turned to Piggyback Network.
“We had to rotate and find a way to work on time, and also take them to school on time,” she said.
(Tagstranslate) @AP
Education
UNCF has the inauguration “Mind is …” a gala in North Carolina


On February 1, the United Negro College fund hosted the inaugural “Mind …”. The gala for collecting money to support students at local historically black universities and universities (HBCU) in North Carolina and Seniors of high schools from the Winston-Salem Forsyth Ford.
The organization organizes these galas throughout the country, including New York, Houston and Washington
In order to gather $ 250,000 for college kids, Honored event Five distinguished leaders from the Triad area: NBA All-Star and Olympian Chris Paul, philanthropist Willie Kennedy, medical leader dr Henry WB Smith III, former Chancellor North Carolina A & t State University, Harold Martin Sr. And his wife David Wagner Jaskółka Window.
“As a major of education, someone who wants to be a teacher, director, superintendent one day,” said Daria Couther, a student of Bennett College and a uncf scholarship. “It just inspires me and continues to continue and not leaving the field of education.”
Martin emphasized the importance of the gala, saying: “Education is civil law.”
Last yr, UNCF collected $ 3 million for college kids from North Carolina last yr. Participants related to community leaders and heard inspiring stories of scholars and experience an unforgettable evening.
Paul, who is currently playing in San Antonio Spurs, grew up In the Lewisville community along with his older brother Charles.
The NBA star won the nickname “CP3” because he shared the same initials as his father and brother. He was particularly near his grandfather, Nathaniel “Papa” by Jones, who was the owner of a gas station, in which Paul spent most of his childhood. Later he played basketball in Wake Forest.
Paweł’s book in 2023 wonders about life lessons, which he learned from her deceased grandfather. The title is a tribute to Jones’s age at the time of his premature death and the variety of points scored by Paul in his honor while playing at highschool, which took place after his funeral.
(Tagstranslate) UNCF
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