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Flu vaccines play an important role in protecting against bird flu. But not for the reason you might think

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The current strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza, commonly referred to as bird flu, has change into a world problem. This virus has affected many tens of millions birds, some others animal speciesand a small number of individuals.

Last week the Australian government issued a warning for residents traveling to Europe, North America, South America and Asia about the risk of bird flu.

Alert posted on Smartraveller websiteprovides advice on ensuring your flu vaccine is up thus far. If you are planning to travel, this often means you have had a flu vaccine this 12 months, although whether it is 3-6 months since your vaccination you should discuss this together with your doctor.

But the seasonal flu vaccine we get yearly doesn’t actually prevent bird flu in humans. So why is it really useful in this context?

Some facts about bird flu

Smartraveller’s Notes several strains Bird flu viruses are currently circulating.

The most annoying strain, called clade 2.3.4.4bemerged several years ago from the influenza A (H5 or A/H5) strain that had been circulating for several many years.

Clade 2.3.4.4b primarily affects birds, including wild birds and poultry. It has had devastating effects on bird populations, in addition to on farmers and others involved in the poultry industry.

In recent years, clade 2.3.4.4b has adapted to infect some mammalsUnfortunately, it seems to cause serious illness in some animalsSome marine mammals have been particularly hard hit, causing mass mortality events reported in elephant seals and sea lions. Bird flu has also spread to the United States amongst dairy cows.

Compared to the huge variety of cases in animals, a comparatively small number have been reported. people infected with bird fluSince 2003, 878 cases Human cases of A/H5N1 influenza have been reported, with a small percentage reported after 2020, when clade 2.3.4.4b first appeared. Reported cases have been in individuals who had close contact with infected animals. The disease does not appear to spread from individual to individual.

In reference to the risk for travelers is lowThere are situations where the risk could also be greater, reminiscent of for people visiting livestock markets or people travelling specifically to work with wildlife or in food production.

Infections in humans H5 flu can vary greatly in severity, from mild conjunctivitis to deadly pneumonia. H5 flu strains look like sensitive to antiviral drugs (oseltamivir, also referred to as Tamiflu) and so they are generally recommended as a treatment for infections in humans, but that is not clear whether or not they reduce the risk of death in individuals with severe disease.

To date, one case of A/H5 influenza (not 2.3.4.4b) has been reported. reported in Australiain a baby who has recently returned from abroad.

One sec clade 2.3.4.4b detected on all continents except Australiaother strains of bird flu (A/H7) were reported here earlier this 12 months.

There are many various strains of the bird flu virus.
Snowboy/Shutterstock

Seasonal flu vaccines are not effective against bird flu

Seasonal flu refers to the strains of flu that flow into every year. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, three different strains have circulated in various proportions – Influenza A H1N1 (originating from 2009 swine flu strain), influenza A H3N2 (which has in circulation since 1968) and a strain of influenza B. Interestingly, the second strain of influenza B (Yamagata lineage) it seems to have disappeared during the COVID pandemic.

Seasonal flu vaccines contain the current variants of those types (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B), that are really useful annually by the World Health Organization. These are moderately effectivereducing the risk of hospitalization by roughly 40–60%.

Flu vaccines are quite specific in the protection they supply. In the case of seasonal vaccines, even very small changes that occur in the virus from 12 months to 12 months are enough to permit it to “escape” vaccine-induced immunity. That is why seasonal flu vaccines they do not provide any protection against influenza A/H5.

Preventing the emergence of a bird-human hybrid strain

The rationale for recommending influenza vaccination for travellers in the context of the current avian influenza epidemic is that seasonal influenza vaccines may help reduce the risk of co-infection with an A/H5 strain and a seasonal influenza strain.

When this happens, there may be a likelihood that the genetic code of the two strains of the virus will “recombine.” This could have the ability to hold a seasonal human virus with the severity of a bird flu virus. The 2009 swine flu strain arose from recombination Over the years, several strains have change into more contagious to humans.

Of course, a more practical vaccine would come with an H5 strain to generate immune responses specific to the H5 influenza strain. Vaccine manufacturers have H5 vaccines have been developed for years, but up to now only Finland implemented the H5 vaccine amongst a small group of people that work closely with potentially infected animals.

Currently risk level The risk that H5 poses to humans is not considered to be sufficient to require a particular vaccination programme because the potential advantages are small in comparison with the costs and potential risks of any recent vaccination programme.

The Value of the Flu Vaccine for Travelers

Seasonal flu vaccines protect against flu infection and may reduce the risk of simultaneous infection with human and bird flu strains. Bird flu aside, for most travelers who haven’t received a flu shot this 12 months, reducing the risk of their travel plans being disrupted by the disease must be reason enough to get vaccinated.

For individuals who have already received a flu vaccine this season, as with COVID vaccines, protection appears to be greater after vaccination fade over timeSo if you’re travelling to the Northern Hemisphere during the winter months and it’s been greater than 3 to six months since your last flu shot, your doctor may recommend you get one other one.

Bird flu poses a low risk to most travellers, but people should take sensible precautions, reminiscent of avoiding close contact with birds at markets.

This article was originally published on : theconversation.com
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Health and Wellness

“Get Lifted” by John Legend (twentieth Anniversary Edition) [Interview] – Essence

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Photo credit: Danny Clinch

When John Legend unveiled his debut album in 2004, he couldn’t have predicted the extraordinary legacy it could construct over the following 20 years. Now, with the discharge the singer returns to the project that launched his profession and redefined the boundaries of R&B, hip-hop and neo-soul. Available now, the digital Deluxe Edition offers fans a refreshed tackle timeless classics with remixes, rare tracks and collaborations that bring latest energy to the music.

The twentieth Anniversary Edition includes 11 bonus tracks, including remixes from iconic artists equivalent to Tems, Killer Mike, Lil Wayne, Simi and Black Thought. Two previously unreleased songs – “Do What I Gotta Do” and “Just In Time” – offer fans an intimate look into Legend’s creative process during this era. The album’s revival doesn’t end there; will even be available as 3LP vinyl in 2025, and all copies are signed by Legend.

Reflecting on the challenges of making an original album, the award-winning artist recalled the struggles of an aspiring artist trying to search out their sound. “I wrote a lot of this album when I wasn’t signed, so the big challenge was just figuring out what would work to give me a chance to get the music out there,” he explains. . “I’ve been trying to get a record deal for over five years, but record labels were turning me down both left and right.”

It was only when Kanye West took a likelihood on Legend and signed a contract with GOOD Music that all the pieces began to alter. Working with West and touring together opened doors for the University of Pennsylvania graduate. That same yr, he signed a record take care of Columbia and was able to hit the shelves. The album’s breakout single “Ordinary people” became the anthem that defined Legend’s artistry. “When it finally came out and made it work the way it did, especially with my second single, it was really beautiful to see it start to connect and connect with people,” she tells ESSENCE.

On the occasion of the anniversary edition, Legend collaborated with artists who provided a refreshing atmosphere to Legend’s debut – but remixes aren’t just repetitions of original songs. “I’m a fan of every artist we asked to be a part of the remix,” says Legend. “They have new beats, new energy, new vibes and of course new guest artists. It really brought a fresh perspective to music and excited me to reconnect with music.”

was a breakthrough album for the Ohio-born artist, combining multiple genres in a timeless and groundbreaking way. “I felt like it happened when neo-soul was already at its peak, so in a way it was almost like my reaction to neo-soul,” Legend reflects. “We also combine hip hop and gospel and create something fresh.” Legend’s commitment to songwriting is a thread that runs deep through his work then and now.

The physical format of music, especially upcoming vinyl releases, also plays a big role in maintaining the impact of the unique album. “There will always be people who want to hold something, read the sleeve notes, and play vinyl on their record players at home,” Legend states. “Especially when you’re celebrating an anniversary like this, it’s nice to have a commemorative thing that you can keep. This album means something to people because they remember 20 years ago when they started listening to it and what it meant to them then.”

Rekindling the magic of a pioneering debut, it also stands as a testament to Legend’s enduring craftsmanship. The album stays a masterclass in musical storytelling, connecting generations of fans and proving that great music, like great artists, only gets higher with time.

This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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US communities phase out fluoride use in public drinking water

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fluoride, water


There is a battle raging in American cities over whether to proceed using fluoride in water.

This is a process generally known as fluoridation that began around 1945. According to to the American Cancer Society became popular across the country after scientists noticed that individuals living in water with higher concentrations of fluoride had less tooth decay.

In 1962, the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) advisable adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies to forestall tooth decay. The American Cancer Society estimates that fluoride is currently used in public drinking water supplied to roughly three in 4 Americans.

However, opponents have been warning for years that fluoride in drinking water is unsafe to devour. One of the organizations leading this initiative is Fluoride Action Network (FAN). The organization, whose mission is to lift awareness of what it claims is the “toxicity of fluoride compounds,” says many of the world’s developed countries don’t use fluoride in drinking water at the identical levels as America, or in any respect.

The organization says yes it helped over 500 communities successfully reject fluoridation, and there could also be more.

Federal leaders have gotten increasingly vocal in their support for ending the use of fluoride

While FAN says communities have rejected fluoridation for the past few a long time and the method has stalled in consequence, the fight has been thrust into the highlight over the past few months.

First, the National Toxicology Program, a federal agency throughout the Department of Health and Human Services, reported with “moderate certainty” that there may be an association between communities with higher levels of fluoride exposure and lower IQ in children. According to the Associated Press, these communities use greater than twice the advisable limit.

A month later, a federal judge apparently ordered the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to further regulate fluoride in drinking water because higher levels could affect children.

Robert F. Kennedy, nominated by President-elect Donald Trump to direct the Department of Health and Human Services, announced an end to fluoridation.


This article was originally published on : www.blackenterprise.com
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WATCH: Cynthia Erivo on the importance of being a sister – Essence

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“; } }); // Drag and scroll functionality const playlistContainer = document.getElementById(‘playlist’); let isDown = false; let startY; let scrollTop; playlistContainer.addEventListener(‘mousedown’, (e) => { isDown = true; playlistContainer.classList.add(‘active’); playlistContainer.offsetTop; scrollTop = playlistContainer.scrollTop; }); playlistContainer.addEventListener(‘mouseleave’, () => { isDown = false; playlistContainer.classList.remove(‘active’); }); ‘, () => { isDown = false; playlistContainer.classList.remove(‘active’); playlistContainer.addEventListener(‘mousemove’, (e) => { if (!isDown) return; e.preventDefault(); const y = e.pageY -List Container playlist.offsetTop; const walk = (y – startY) * 3; // quick playlistContainer.scrollTop = scrollTop – walk; }); } } if (” !== ‘efoc24’) { // Check DoubleVerify Quality Targeting signals before rendering the player if ( ‘undefined’ !== PQ type ) { PQ.cmd.push(function () { // If DVQT signals are not available after 500 ms, render the player anyway. const timeout_id = setTimeout( jwPlayerRender, 500 ); // Get “Authentic Direct” signals. PQ.getTargeting({ signals: [‘abs’] }, function(error, targetingData) { clearTimeout(timeout_id); jwPlayerRender(error? undefined: targetingData); }); }); } else { jwPlayerRender(); } function jwPlayerRender( dvqt_signals=”” ) { let jw_ad_tag ​​= {“client”:”googima”,”adscheduleid”:”G7hR9pQ2″,”schedule”:[{“tag”:”https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ads?correlator=&iu=/21698916284/ess/VideoNews&env=vp&gdfp_req=1&output=vast&sz=400×300%7C640x480%7C1000x1%7C1920x1080&description_url=__page-url__&tfcd=0&npa=0&vpmute=1&vpa=auto&vad_type=linear&url=__page-url__&vpos=preroll&unviewed_position_start=1&v=4QHYeDGA&pmnd=0&pmxd=60000&ad_rule=1&cust_params=ttid%3D4QHYeDGA%26frnch%3D__item-franchise__%26environment%3Dproduction%26kwblock%3DAbb%2CCapOne%2CLincoln%2CUPS%2CVG%2CATTCric%2CDisney”,”offset”:”pre”},{“tag”:”https://vid.springserve.com/vast/670880?url=https://www.essence.com/news/watch-cynthia-erivo-on-importance-of-sisterhood/h=450&w=800&cb=1535″,”offset”:”50%”}]”offers”:{“bidders”:[{“id”:”jw-video-4QHYeDGA”,”name”:”jwdemand”,”publisherId”:”evcxFIDZ”,”siteId”:”WT5iFegj”,”placementId”:”24399785″},{“id”:”jw-video-4QHYeDGA”,”name”:”connatix”,”siteId”:”WT5iFegj”,”placementId”:”23419a80-fc77-4fd5-bd0c-2a4807a66a6c”}]”settings”:{“disableConsentManagementOnNoCmp”:true,”mediationLayerAdServer”:”dfp”,”floorPriceCents”:200,”floorPriceCurrency”:”usd”,”buckets”:[{“increment”:0.1,”max”:30,”min”:0},{“increment”:0.5,”max”:50,”min”:30}]}}}; // Configure ad tag on the fly… let additional_params = {}; // Input DVQT signals. if ( dvqt_signals && dvqt_signals.ABS.length > 0 ) { additional_params.ABS = dvqt_signals.ABS.join(“,”); } // Create a string of additional_parameters. let extra_params_str=””; for (enter additional_parameters) { let value = additional_parameters[key]; additional_params_str += `${key}=${value}`; if ( key !== Object.keys( additional_params .pop() ) { additional_params_str += ‘&’; } } // Update ad tag cust_params (must be URL encoded). if ( Object.keys( additional_parameters ). length > 0 ) { let ad_schedule = jw_ad_tag.schedule; if ( ‘undefined’ !== schedule type ads ) { for (let i = 0; i < ad_schedule.length; i++) { let ad_url = new url(jw_ad_tag.schedule[i].label); let query_params = new URLSearchParams(ad_url.search); query_params.set("cust_params", query_params.get("cust_params") + `&${additional_params_str}`); ad_url.search = query_params.toString(); jw_ad_tag.schedule[i].tag = ad_url.toString(); } } } let playerId; if ("undefined" !== type jwplayerQueue) { playerId = 'jw-video-4QHYeDGA'; jwplayerQueue.push({ 'instanceId': 'playerInstance_4QHYeDGA', 'playerId': playerId, 'config': { pid: 't6KP9zcV', playlist: "https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/4QHYeDGA", autostart: !jw_ad_tag, repeat: true, mute: true, aspect ratio: '16:9', share: {sites: ["facebook", "twitter", "email", "linkedin"]}, cast: {}, float: {disibility: true}, autoPause: {viewability: true}, displaytitle: true, displaydescription: true, controls: true, related: {displayMode: 'shelfWidget'}, interactive: {} , ad: jw_ad_tag ​​​​} }); } // Load video. jQuery(window).trigger("jw:loadplayers"); function waitForJWPlayer(callback) { if (type jwplayer !== 'undefined') { callback(); } else { setTimeout(function() { waitForJWPlayer(callback); }, 500); } } waitForJWPlayer(function() { jwplayer(playerId).on('adsManager', function (adsManagerLoaded) { let adsManager = adsManagerLoaded.adsManager; let videoElement = document.getElementById(playerId ); let config = { anId: '929481' , camp ID: '640x360', ias_xps: "autoplay", // autoplay status ias_xbp: "2", // video destination type ias_xar: "1" // autoplay status }; // Start IAS integration googleImaVansAdapter.init(google, adsManager, videoElement , configuration });

This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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