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Health and Wellness

Lead water pipes have caused a health disaster in Flint, but replacing them with cheaper plastic – as some cities are doing – carries hidden costs

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In 2015, Flint, Michigan made headlines tests showed dangerously high levels of lead in your drinking water. A 12 months earlier, town had switched water mains to the Flint River, and the corrosive water damaged aging lead pipes, exposing 1000’s of individuals to guide contamination.

The result was a health crisis, the consequences of which are still felt by residents to today. And Flint was just the tip of the iceberg.

The EPA estimates that 9.2 million drinking water lines to U.S. homes and businesses are fabricated from lead. The federal government considers replacing these lead pipes a top priority and has launched various initiatives help, including the Infrastructure Law 2021, which allocated $15 billion inside five years to interchange the guide pipes.

The EPA is here proposing a removal request lead pipes throughout the United States inside 10 years. However, the agency is silent on what should replace lead.

Jessica Owens holds a baby bottle filled with water from her home in Flint, Michigan, during a hearing before the U.S. House Oversight and Government Reform Committee on February 3, 2016, to analyze town’s lead water crisis.
AP Photo/Molly Riley

we are learning water policy AND water chemistryWith emphasis on plastics and emerging contaminants, and beyond equal access to wash water. We see concerns about a popular substitute material for lead pipes: plastic.

The buried legacy of lead pipes is concentrated in cities with large low-income populations. Seven out of 10 The US states with probably the most leading service lines are the Great Lakes states and our research shows the brand new federal funding will cover lower than one-fifth of the fee of replacing known lead pipes in this region alone. These cities may unknowingly create recent health and environmental risks.

Problem with lead pipes

Is no level of lead exposure is taken into account protected for people.

In children, lead exposure can affect their organs and brain development, causing decreased intelligence, behavioral disorders and learning problems. Adults are also vulnerable. Even low lead exposure can cause kidney problems and hypertension. AND recent research it was estimated that 170 million American adults were exposed to high levels of lead in early childhood.

Congress in 1986 amended the Safe Drinking Water Act to ban using lead pipes when installing or repairing any public water system, home or drinking water business.

However, many communities already had lead pipes that were expected to last many years longer and are expensive to interchange. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that replacing each essential service line from a municipal water supply to a home costs a median of $5,066.

Copper, iron and plastic are common substitute materials for lead pipes. Plastic, especially polyvinyl chloride or PVC, is an increasingly popular alternative. Plastic normally has an initial price lower than the others.

However, although most pipe materials create problems over the long run, there are potential hidden costs of using plastic pipe in drinking water systems that increase serious questions AND health concerns.

The hidden health costs of plastic

One sort of plastic was PVC first time used in American water systems in 1955 and have become widespread in the Seventies. Other forms of plastic pipe include cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC).

Scientific research has shown that plastic pipes can they attract metals and leach chemicals AND micro- and nanoplasticsthat are known worsen kidney disease.

Over the last decade, researchers have documented the plastic degradation and the discharge of chemicals from plastic polymers and accessories in plastics and microplastics. 2023 study found that the fabric and age of pipes can contribute to the discharge of microplastics into drinking water.

Biofilm – a layer of microorganisms that forms on surfaces that come into contact with water – may cause problems in pipes. AND 2023 study showed how this biofilm can accumulate heavy metals such as lead, which might be slowly released into the water over time. This buildup is a problem with any pipe. However, some studies have shown that organic substances could also be released from polymer-based pipes promote the expansion of biofilmsand plastics can promote ability With pathogens accumulate in pipes. Further research is required to evaluate whether biofilm is a more major problem in plastic pipes.

Durability concerns

Although PVC and other plastic pipe materials have a long service life, they do have it durability problems.

A study was conducted deformations, leaks and root ingrowth have been found in Dutch sewage systems, where plastic pipes have been widely used since not less than the Seventies. Some cities that have installed plastic drinking water pipes in the U.S. have encountered similar problems.

Photos showing examples of fire damage to water installations
Pipes, water meters and meter covers after they were destroyed by fires.
Caitlin Proctor, Amisha Shah, David Yu and Andrew Whelton/Purdue University, CC BY-ND

Prescott, Arizona began using PVC pipe in the mid-Eighties, and sturdiness issues began to emerge in the Nineteen Nineties. In 2023, citing durability and leakage issues, Mayor Prescott made the announcement switching from PVC plastic to ductile iron.

Hamilton, Ohio began seeing premature failures HDPE pipelines and waterworks after only 20 years, despite the estimated service lifetime of HDPE at 80 years. The city is currently switching to iron and copper.

Fire can melt plastic, releasing toxic chemicals

Plastic can also be prone to fires. Studies have shown that plastic pipes heated to high temperatures can melt and release harmful chemicals.

The 2023 fire that swept through Lahaina, Hawaii, damaged plastic water pipes, contributing to a drop in water pressure during Maui firefighters needed it most. Following this, residents were warned that plastic pipes could occur contaminate the water supply by flushing out hazardous chemicals. Loss of pressure can create a form of vacuum which pulls chemicals and bacteria into water systems.

Burnt wires and PVC pipes lie on the side of the road in Lahaina, Hawaii, after a devastating wildfire in 2023.
AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson

Heating during fires it might probably also cause harmful chemicals to be released from plastics. Water testing in California communities affected by the 2017 and 2018 wildfires found that water systems were contaminated Volatile organic compounds such as benzene, a carcinogen.

Protecting the general public

With billions of dollars in federal funding at their disposal, communities are now deciding whether to speculate in plastic pipes or other lead substitute materials. This is a historic undertaking.

However, we imagine that more research must be done on the potential impacts of plastics to raised understand each the short- and long-term risks to human health and the environment. All aspects have to be considered: health, durability, longevity and fire concerns. The initial price isn’t all the time an indicator of hidden costs.

This article was originally published on : theconversation.com
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Health and Wellness

Nene Leakes misses her husband Gregg very much

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alum Nene Leakes spoke to fans on Instagram Live about how much she misses her late husband, Gregg Leakes. During the live broadcast, the truth star, 56, responded to a fan who asked if she misses Gregg. Leakes began by saying that she misses Gregg “a lot.”

“There’s an old saying that you don’t miss a good thing until the shit’s gone, like the shit’s real,” she began. “I didn’t even realize how valuable Gregg was to my life or to us until he was gone. Because there were so many times I wanted to say, ‘Oh, Gregg would have liked that,’ you know? And then I had to remind myself that Gregg wasn’t here.”

It’s been over three years since Gregg’s death – he died of cancer on September 1, 2021 on the age of 66. He was diagnosed with cancer in 2018.

Leakes continued during her Instagram Live: “I miss Gregg so much, so much it doesn’t make sense, I really miss him, he was amazing. He did so much to push my career and support me,” she said. “It’s hard for anyone to step into his shoes, Gregg is that kind of guy. I feel like I was lucky and blessed by God to have such a wonderful husband for so many years.”

The Leakes have been married twice during their relationship, which some say is proof of their love. They first tied the knot in 1997 after which divorced in 2011. The former couple remarried in 2013 and remained married until Gregg’s death in 2021.

Since his death, the Glee star has been in relationship with dressmaker Nyonisela Sioh. The pair began dating the identical 12 months Gregg died, but their relationship appears to have been rocky. That includes multiple breakups and a lawsuit Leakes filed by Sioh’s ex-wife, who accused the TV star of breaking up marriages.

The last time we reported on the state of their relationship was in March 2024, once they appeared to be on good terms as all of them went all out for a festive event together.

Still, we may not know what is going on on between the pair, as Leakes has announced that she’ll be more reserved about her relationships in the longer term.

“My next relationship is going to be absolutely private. I think it’s the most public relationship I’ve ever had — it’s more public than Gregg. And I just feel like it’s best to be private,” she said during an interview on the Reality with the King podcast with Carlos King.

This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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Health and Wellness

Providing end-of-life support through home care is essential, but it can come with its own challenges

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Earlier this month, the Government announced significant changes to aged care in Australia, including an A$4.3 billion investment in home care.

In addition to the changes to the home care packages, the home support programme will include a very important addition – the tip of life path for older Australians.

This path offers you access to higher level home care services for older people to assist Australians stay at home as they approach the tip of their life. Specifically, it will provide a further A$25,000 for palliative support where an individual has three months or less to live.

This is a positive change. But there could also be some challenges in implementing it.

Why is this essential?

Older people have clearly expressed their wish to stay of their homes as they age. most individualshome is where they wish to be within the last months of their lives. The space is personal, familiar, and comforting.

However, the information from Australian Bureau of Statistics shows that the majority individuals who die between the ages of 65 and 84 die in hospital, while most individuals aged 85 and over die in residential care homes.

This apparent gap may reflect a scarcity of appropriate services. Both palliative care services and family doctors play a very important role in providing medical care to people living at home with terminal illness. However, the chance die at home is based on the supply of ongoing support, including direct care and assistance with each day living.

Family members and friends often provide this support, but it is not all the time possible. Even when it is possible, caregivers can lack of self-confidence and skills provide the crucial care and should lack sufficient support and respite from their carer role.

Palliative care funding offered by Support at Home should help an older person to stay at home and die at home in the event that they wish.

Unless someone dies suddenly, care needs are prone to increase towards the tip of an individual’s life. Support at home may include assistance with showering and toileting, assessing and treating symptoms, developing care plans, managing medications, dressing wounds, home tasks, preparing meals, and communicating with the person’s family.

Occupational therapists and physical therapists can help select equipment and suggest at-home modifications.

End-of-life support may additionally include explaining goals of care, contacting services corresponding to pharmacists to acquire medications or equipment, liaising with organisations on financial matters, respite care or funeral planning, in addition to accepting grief and offering spiritual care.

However, we don’t yet know what exact services this amount shall be allocated to.

What will we learn about this program thus far?

The in-home support program, including an end-of-life pathway, is scheduled to start on July 1, 2025.

We know that funding is linked to a survival prognosis of three months or less, which shall be determined by a physician.

Further information indicates that the elderly person could also be referred to high priority assessment to access the end-of-life pathway. We don’t know what which means yet, but they don’t need to be current Support at Home participants to be eligible.

The latest path will allow the funds for use over a 16-week period, which is prone to provide some margin of safety with a three-month timeline.

Although an increasing number of details are coming to light, some issues still remain unclear.

Home care providers will want detailed details about what could also be covered by this funding and the way they may work with primary care providers and community health settings.

Older people and their families will need to know what the procedures are for applying for this funding and the way long it will take to process applications.

Everyone will need to know what happens if an individual doesn’t die inside three months.

We are waiting for specific details about this latest path.
Ground Photo/Shutterstock

Some challenges

The willingness to access appropriate supports and services shall be crucial for older people using this pathway. Home care providers will due to this fact need to evaluate how the end-of-life pathway suits into their operations and the way they can construct the crucial skills and capabilities.

The demand for nurses with palliative care skills and allied medical examiners is prone to increase. Providing end-of-life care can be particularly burdensome It will due to this fact be crucial to develop strategies to stop worker burnout and encourage them to take care of themselves.

It shall be crucial to watch how pathways are implemented in rural and distant areas and across different cultural and social groups to make sure they profit all older people.

Effective coordination and communication between home care, primary care and specialist palliative care providers shall be key. Digital health systems that connect sectors can help. Family involvement may also be very essential.

Escalation and referral pathways must be established to enable appropriate response to emergencies, unexpected deterioration or family distress.

At last, specifying exactly when someone dies can be difficult. Knowing when the last three months of life begin can be difficult, especially when frailty, cognitive issues, and multiple health problems could also be present.

This may mean that some people aren’t perceived as ready for this path. Others will not be willing to just accept this prognosis. The older person may additionally be expected to live with a terminal illness for a lot of months or years. Their palliative care needs won’t be met by this path.

Despite these challenges, the announcement of the Home Care End of Life Pathway is timely and welcome. As a population, we reside longer and dying older. More detail will help us higher prepare for the implementation of this program.

This article was originally published on : theconversation.com
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Health and Wellness

Why Dental Care Isn’t Covered by Medicare? It’s Time to Change That—Here’s How

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When the forerunner of Medicare was established within the Nineteen Seventies, dental care was ignored. Australians are still suffering the results half a century later.

Patients pay significantly more for dental care than for other kinds of care.

More Australians are more likely than their peers in most wealthy countries to delay or forgo dental treatment due to the price.

And as our oral health deteriorates, fees proceed to rise.

Health care by funding source.
Grattan Institute

Over the many years, there have been quite a few reports and inquiries calling for the introduction of universal dental insurance to address these problems.

Now with the Greens proposing That and rank-and-file Labour MPs supporting Is it finally time to join Medicare?

What’s stopping us?

Australian Dental Association says The idea is just too ambitious and too expensive, declaring that it will require significantly more dental staff. They say the federal government should start small, specializing in essentially the most vulnerable populations, initially seniors.

Starting small is sensible, but ending small could be a mistake.

Dental treatment costs should not just an issue for essentially the most vulnerable or the elderly. More than two million Australians avoid dental care due to its cost.

Above 4 out of ten Adults typically wait over a yr before seeing a dentist.

Care missed or delayed due to cost, by type
Care missed or delayed due to cost, by type.
Grattan Institute

Bringing dental services into Medicare would require many hundreds of recent dental staff. But that might be possible if this system is introduced in stages over ten years.

The real reason dentistry hasn’t been added to Medicare is because it will cost billions of dollars. The federal government doesn’t have that type of money lying around.

Australia has a structural budget problem. Government spending is growing faster than revenue because we’re relatively a rustic with low taxes and high expectations regarding services.

Rising health care costs are a significant factor, with hospital and medical costs among the many six fastest-growing major expenses.

The structural gap is just it is probably going to increase without major changes in policy.

Expected increase in spending
Projected expenditure growth.
Grattan Institute

So can we afford health look after all? We can. But we must always do it by making smart decisions about dental care and hard decisions to increase revenues and reduce spending elsewhere.

Smart decisions about your recent dental program

The first step is to avoid repeating Medicare’s mistakes.

Medicare payments to private firms have failed to bring them to lots of the communities that need them most. Many rural and underserved areas are mass-payment deserts with too few family doctors.

The poorest areas have greater than twice psychological problems of the wealthiest areas, but they receive about half of Medicare-funded mental health services.

As a result, government money doesn’t go where it may bring the best profit.

It’s about 80,000 hospital visits every year due to dental problems that might have been avoided with dental care. If there is just too little care in disadvantaged and rural communities where oral health is worst, this figure will remain high.

Therefore, a big proportion of recent investment ought to be allocated to public dental services, and these services ought to be directed to areas where individuals are deprived of access to care.

Another problem with Medicare is that its payments often bear little relation to the price of care or the impact that care has on a patient’s health.

To reduce costs, Medicare funding for dental care should exclude cosmetic procedures and orthodontics. It ought to be based on efficient workforce models through which dental assistants and therapists use all their skills—you don’t all the time have to go to the dentist.

Dental therapist educates patient
Sometimes you possibly can go to the dentist as a substitute.
Gustavo Fring/Pexels

Financing model should take note of the patient’s needs, reward him for providing him with constant care and have Hat on per patient expenditure.

Oral health should be measured and documented to ensure patients and taxpayers are getting results.

Tough decisions to balance the budget

These steps would scale back the prices of the Greens’ plan, that are difficult to estimate but could amount to greater than 20 billion dollars yr after introduction. Instead, the price would drop to about 7 billion dollars yr.

It could be investment. But in the event you’re fearful about where the cash will come from, there are good ways to pay for it.

Many reforms could reduce government health care budgets without harming patients.

There is a waste of cash in government funding pathology tests and less profitable medicines.

In some hospitals there are excessive costs and potentially harmful low value care.

In the long run, investments in prevention can reduce the necessity for healthcare. A tax on sweetened beveragesfor instance, it will improve health while saving tons of of thousands and thousands of dollars a yr.

Such measures would help the federal government pay for more dental care. But demand for health care will increase because the population ages and becomes dearer. recent methods of treatment come.

This means a broader strategy is required to accomplish three goals: balance the budget, meet growing demand for health care, and include dental care within the Medicare program.

A dentist works on a patient
Adding dental coverage to Medicare would involve some compromises.
Lafayett Zapata Montero/Unsplash

There aren’t any easy solutions, but there are numerous ways to reduce spending and increase revenues without harming economic growth.

A choice of Australia’s infrastructure and defence megaprojects smarter could save several billion dollars a yr.

Revocation of Western Australia’s GST Special Financing Arrangement – Described by economist Saul Eslake as “the worst Australian public policy decision of the 21st century so far” – it will have saved one other 5 billion dollars yr.

Reducing tax relief and tax minimisation options – including capping superannuation relief, reducing capital gains relief, limiting negative gearing and setting a minimum tax on trust distributions – could deliver greater than 20 billion dollars yr.

Such a serious tax reform offers economic advantages while also creating space for higher services, akin to universal dental insurance.

No one likes spending cuts and tax increases, but in the end they might be needed regardless. Dental insurance could also be just what taxpayers need to accept.

This article was originally published on : theconversation.com
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