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We should not lock up young criminals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Here are the alternatives

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Not a month goes by without news about children and young people in jails and prisons mistreatment of young people in a penitentiary.

New parliamentary inquiry sheds light on this abuse. It examines whether juvenile detention centers comply with human rights conventions for youngsters and whether or not they meet minimum standards of care.

This inquiry is a chance to contemplate alternatives to keeping young people in detention that support and rehabilitate children and young individuals who break the law. This is very essential for people with disabilities related to brain function (neurodisability), e.g fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).

FASD is a neurodevelopmental disability. It is brought on by exposure to alcohol before birth, which damages the brain. We do not have data on the prevalence of this disease in the general Australian population, but we do find out about it affects children from all demographic groups.

Here’s what we find out about incarcerating children and young people with FASD – and what we will do as a substitute.

Imprisonment of youngsters from the age of 10

Children up to 10 years old will be held in prison Australia.

But prison is not the solution to youth crime. Unattended confinement will be damaging and empowering disadvantage.

Young people’s brains experience a period of rapid development between the ages of 10 and 14 and are unable to make complex moral decisions.

Children and adolescents with FASD can have cognitive disorders affecting the ability to think, learn, make decisions and remember, or have mental disabilities. Their mental age may subsequently be much lower than their chronological age.

FASD makes it obscure

FASD affects the motivation of youngsters and adolescents before committing against the law and their ability to know the consequences.

Due to brain damage, children and adolescents with FASD they are often impulsive, easily misled and unable to differentiate between good and evil. They may not learn from past experiences.

When they work in the justice system, they will be suggested. Poor memory may make it difficult for them to supply reliable witness testimony. Due to poor language and communication skills, they might misunderstand court orders, which can result in non-compliance.

The prevalence of FASD is high amongst young people in… youth justice system. It is estimated that one in three prisoners in Australia suffers from FASD. But many teenagers who come into contact with the justice system do undiagnosed FASD and complicated needs.

Internationallythere are young people with FASD 19 times are more prone to be imprisoned than people without FASD.

Diverting youth from prison

The Productivity Commission 2024 a report on government services found that diversion programs reduce youth re-offending.

Diversion programs have also been found to be significantly cheaper than imprisonment. In 2022-23, the average cost for every teenager on community supervision was A$305 per day compared with A$2,827 per day for teenagers in custody.

In Report for 2024National Children’s Commissioner Anne Hollonds has really useful expanding evidence-based youth justice diversion programs:

Tragically, by failing to deal with the rights of those children early on and as a substitute taking a punitive approach to their offences, we are essentially criminalizing a few of the most vulnerable children in Australia.

So what do these programs seem like?

Many countries have moved from a criminal justice system to a social welfare system that is especially suited to adolescents with disabilities reminiscent of FASD.

Ireland in 2017 it abolished imprisonment for youngsters under 18 years of age. Children under 18 can now be sent to kid’s correctional centers which have game rooms and bedrooms as a substitute of cells.

Scotland closed its youth prisons in 2024.

Spain has long been using the so-called hospital approach. Youth live in a therapeutic environment surrounded by compassionate contact with professionally trained staff.

Other countries are replacing child prisons with therapeutic environments and compassionate staff.
Shutterstock/SeventyFour

Successful Australian initiatives are underpinning a brand new youth justice model.

The Yiriman projectfor instance, it’s run by Elders near Fitzroy Crossing in Western Australia, where the incidence of FASD is high. The project brings Aboriginal young people liable to crime to distant country to interact in culturally based activities, reminiscent of helping indigenous rangers take care of the country. A 3-year review of the Yiriman project showed positive results for Aboriginal youth with FASD.

Research shows that it is incredibly necessary for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are involved in design any programs that impact their communities.

Early detection to stop re-offending

Early identification of FASD enables children to receive appropriate intervention and support to enhance their social and emotional well-being. This can prevent them from re-offending and improve their life trajectory.

FASD rankings are available in the country. Support services for young people with FASD aim to enhance their health and well-being, address secondary disabilities and reduce exposure to risks reminiscent of substance use.

For young individuals who have offended, intensive social activities support programs improve young people’s access to education, life skills and access to healthcare. Therapeutic and diversion activities also can strengthen family relationships, which are crucial to successful community reintegration.

What must occur next?

Governments must put money into evidence-based diversion programs children and adolescents who commit serious crimes.

These programs provide rehabilitation and support and are effective, compassionate and cost-effective.

Governments also have to urgently upskill justice staff to enhance the recognition and assessment of young people with FASD and other neurodevelopmental conditions.

Early identification and understanding of young people with challenges reminiscent of FASD and cognitive impairment will improve young people’s health and mental health, prevent youth crime and profit society.

This article was originally published on : theconversation.com
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Health and Wellness

Here’s how to avoid feeling tired while navigating dating apps

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All my single ladies, rise up.

We’ve all been there before. Endlessly swipe left or right on a dating app or start a mindless conversation with a stranger, hoping to meet in person at some point, only to be dissatisfied.

Dating, especially within the digital age, takes lots of work and changes your self-confidence. And after countless rejections and experiences of conversations that go nowhere, it is simple to want to hand over. However, should you are a hopeless romantic like me and imagine that love is just across the corner, consider not quitting the sport, but as a substitute change your approach to navigating dating apps. To allow you to start, we enlisted the assistance of Damona Hoffman, who’s a celeb dating coach, host of an award-winning podcast, and official love expert at

At first, her advice on how to avoid fatigue while navigating dating apps could appear counterintuitive, but effective. “I tell my clients and listeners to use the app more consciously, rather than falling into the fatigue of logging in, logging out, deleting the app, reinstalling the app… wash, rinse, repeat the cycle that leads to Zombie Dating,” says Hoffman.

But first, what’s Zombie Dating? According to Hoffman, this happens when app users are always swiping but not fully immersed in other people’s interactions. “Many users use the app, but swiping zombies is not very engaging. They are stuck in endless text threads, frustrated by apps that put useful features behind paywalls, and yet they refuse to pay for a once-free service and fall prey to never-before-seen rates,” he says.

So what’s the answer? According to Hoffman, it’s about being mindful and intentional. “First, I like to recommend that daters who stay on apps start practicing dating hygiene. “Dating hygiene means using apps more carefully, keeping track of what’s going on with your partners and dates, and eliminating hookups that go nowhere,” he states.

He continues: “Choose when and how you employ the app. Turn off notifications so you are not always worrying in regards to the dopamine rush of a like or message. Then delete the match and break away from text threads that do not turn right into a date inside the first week.

It’s essential to keep in mind that fatigue comes from a roller coaster of emotions and always getting your hopes up after which having them dashed in a never-ending cycle of disappointment. To combat this, take the wheel and avoid the connections and activities on dating apps that drain you, somewhat than dismissing the complete dating app or process in disgust. This will only lead to more dating disappointment and take you extra away from the goal of connection that all of us crave at once.

This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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Health and Wellness

Today is World Menopause Day and, ladies, we have something to talk about

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menopause, perimenopause, World Menopause Day, The Change, women and hormones, women

If you were born biologically female and are between the ages of Generation X and Baby Boomers, there is a very good probability that you just are approaching, experiencing, or already past “The Shift,” also often called menopause. If it’s the previous, you are not alone; this yr, multiple million American women will enter menopause. If it is the latter, congratulations – I can not wait to join you on the opposite side.

For a long time (and possibly centuries), discussions about menopause have largely been within the realm of jokes – with tropes about hot flashes, anger, and dry undercarriage. (Who can forget Clair Huxtable half-jokingly sticks her head within the freezer?) However, each physically and mentally, the fact of perimenopause and the later stages of menopause is far more confusing than we realize, mainly because, like femininity itself, it is unique to each woman.

That’s why we need to talk openly about menopause – and what higher time than World Menopause Day?

“After many years of neglect, we have finally seen popular media give long-standing, unprecedented attention to menopause, encouraging women to seek help for menopausal symptoms,” it states 2024 white paper published by the International Menopause Society. However, a lot of us have no idea what treatments can be found, helpful, secure and appropriate for us individually.

I’m 49 years old and each a newlywed and (bless my husband’s heart) perimenopausal conundrum. I feel cold after which hot at any moment. I’m stuffed with feelings and attractions, but I have problems with libido. All the “thickness” that after gave me the healthy shape of a coke bottle now wants to migrate inward (we fight it). My long, thick hair is now unquenchable and is falling out in a way that worries me and my hairdresser. I’m continually losing something – most frequently my phone – and I’m often forced to remember why I wandered from one room to the following. My sleep is as irregular as my menstrual cycle. After years of refraining from an unplanned pregnancy, I’m now conscious about my dwindling egg reserves, and yet, as I’m at an age where “oops” can occur when those already older eggs escape from my ovaries, I’m also on HRT as well as to HRT. contraception, because nobody has time for it when planning a honeymoon and a fiftieth birthday.

“Being in your 40s is crazy. Some friends are grandparents, and a few have newborns,” we read popular meme circulating on the Internet. This is just the tip of the reproductive iceberg at this stage of life.

In short, these are crazy and unpredictable times. Because October 18 is annually recognized as World Menopause Day (this yr’s theme is menopause-related hormone therapy), it’s price asking: why are so a lot of us still clueless about these inevitable changes to our bodies and minds? (Spoiler alert: Women’s health has rarely, if ever, been a universal priority beyond reproductive debates.) So I reached out on social media, asking women in my circle to share their experiences with perimenopause and menopause, each expected and unexpected. Within an hour, dozens of replies were received.

“Every day is different,” a friend commented. “Understanding new metabolism is a challenge. It’s a challenge for my body to reject things that I could normally do before. Grace and patience are most important,” she added.

“I’m 48 and I wait every day for it to end lol,” said one other. “(There are) changes I wasn’t aware of: hair texture, weight gain, muscle aches and insomnia.”

“I feel lost, dazed and confused. Where are my keys, glasses, purse? “Oh, in my hand,” a friend joked. “I wish someone had told me how much my body rebelled against my memory of it.”

“Real talk: I didn’t expect my power to wane,” a author friend shared as we bemoaned our elusive libido. Others said their numbers had unexpectedly increased.

“For me, the most significant change was in mentality. My tolerance and patience for bulls is close to zero,” chimed in one other. “My biggest challenge is sleep. I can’t get a full 6-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep no matter what I try.”

A school friend simply said, “I want to get off this roller coaster of misery.”

Can we only expect misfortune after menopause? Well, the excellent news is that it doesn’t, but the reality is that almost all of us enter this phase of life completely unprepared for the countless and varied ways it might probably hit us and the way long it might probably last. Perimenopause often appears in women of their mid to late 40s and lasts about seven years, even though it may last twice as long before the required yr, with no period marking the transition to menopause. And you do not have to be middle-aged to begin with; any variety of aspects, including uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cancer treatment, or simply plain old biology, could cause perimenopause to begin in a lady in her 30s.

While symptoms could be anywhere, for a lot of the most important obstacles come when trying to find the appropriate diagnosis and get relief – which is why we as women must paved the way in keeping these conversations on the forefront. No one will take our health and well-being as seriously as we do – or provide us with the language we need to advocate for what we need, whether or not it’s an over-the-counter complement, cooling sheets, more advanced interventions like similar to hormone alternative therapy (HRT) or all the above.

“I would honestly recommend talking to more people going through this so we can create a community instead of trying to solve the problems alone,” my friend said. “Everyone’s body is different. But the support was amazing.”

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If you’re in or close to “The Shift,” the primary and neatest thing you may do is arm yourself with the knowledge obligatory to navigate it. Apart from news podcasts ia a growing variety of books on the topicOn October 17, PBS debuted “Factor M: the destruction of silence during menopause” to help demystify the dialogue around this naturally occurring life event. Most importantly, don’t underestimate the power of community; family, friends and even transient acquaintances can be invaluable in providing advice, empathy, recommendations and referrals, especially when qualified specialist may turn out to be useful. And remember: while you most likely have no control over when or how menopause hits, it isn’t the top of the world; only a period (eventually).

“Embrace this powerful change. “Menopause is a time of empowerment,” my cousin advised as we shared our condolences. “Find a wonderful OB/GYN who takes you seriously and believes you. We should be our own best advocates; don’t leave all of it to the doctors,” she added, joking, “(and) gain fans in EVERY room in your home, or simply be comfortable that you just seem like James Brown during a lot of his appearances.”

Happy World Menopause Day! We will survive!


This article was originally published on : thegrio.com
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Health and Wellness

Serena Williams shared that she had a cyst “the size of a small grapefruit” removed from her neck.

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Serena Williams, 43, revealed to her family on TikTok that she had a branchial cyst (fluid-filled sacs that appear on the side of the neck) the size of a small grapefruit removed from her neck.

The Olympic champion discovered a lump in her neck in May and went straight to the doctor, who ordered an MRI to remove the lump.

@serena

In May, I felt a lump on my neck. I immediately went to the doctor, had an MRI and was told I had a cyst in my arm. Have you ever heard of it? They said I didn’t must remove it if I didn’t wish to. So I didn’t get it, nevertheless it kept growing. I made a decision to get more tests done, 3 tests and one biopsy later, all the things was still negative, however the doctors advised me to have it removed ASAP because it was the size of a small grapefruit and will change into infected or worse, leak. So that’s me removing it. I feel extremely grateful and lucky that all the things worked out and, above all, I’m healthy. I still made it to American Doll with Olympia as promised. And yes, all the things is nice. 🙏🏿🙏🏿 #fyp #toyoursite #serenawilliams #mother

♬ original sound – Serenawilliams

“They said I didn’t have to remove it if I didn’t want to. So I didn’t understand it, but it was growing,” she continued. “I decided to take further tests[s]and 3 attempts[s] and one biopsy later; everything is still negative but the doctors advised me to have it removed as soon as possible as it was the size of a small grapefruit and could cause infection or worse leakage.”

Williams expressed gratitude for the end result, stating that she was “so lucky that everything worked out, and most of all I’m healthy”, before stating that “everything is fine”.

In the TikTok video, the mother of two also shared insights about her hospital experience with fans.

In the voiceover, the investor and entrepreneur said, “Hey, there’s been a lot occurring. I recently had surgery during which I had to take some terrible medicine that I hated a lot.

She continued: “I went all out, but they had to put in a sewage system because there was too much of it. But everything worked out. I feel really lucky to have had the opportunity to work with some great doctors. I’m a little scared here, but I’m excited to move on to the next steps of recovery.”

Ultimately, the tennis player described the surgery as “successful” and the medications she was prescribed were working.

After the procedure, Williams and her family enjoyed some much-needed fun on the American Doll store. The 23-time Grand Slam singles champion and four-time Olympic gold medalist has two children, 13-month-old Adira and 7-year-old Olympia, with her husband Alexis Ohanian.

We are glad that he looks good after surgery!


This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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