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What is Eastern Encephalomyelitis? Two Mosquito Researchers Explain What’s Behind the Latest Outbreaks

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Health authorities in the United States are issuing warnings and closing public parks because of a rare but potentially deadly mosquito-borne disease.

This week, a resident of the US state of New Hampshire he died after being hospitalized for Eastern encephalomyelitis. Cases have also been detected in other states.

But what is eastern equine encephalitis? How does it spread? What do horses, as the name suggests, need to do with it? And is it an issue for Australia?

What is Eastern Encephalomyelitis?

Eastern encephalomyelitis It is attributable to a virus that is often found only in parts of eastern America, Central America Down Canada.

Eastern encephalomyelitis virus causes neurological disease, specifically encephalitis (inflammation and swelling of the brain), and is transmitted to humans by mosquito bite. Symptoms might be serious and potentially fatal.

But most individuals bitten by a mosquito carrying the virus won’t have symptoms. Those who do develop the disease have symptoms that include headache, stiff neck, disorientation, seizures, and coma.

About one third Patients with severe symptoms die, and lots of of those that survive suffer from chronic neurological problems.

It’s not only humans who’re in danger from the virus. Horses are too susceptible and, like humans, they may contract deadly encephalitis when bitten by an infected mosquito.

The virus was discovered after the outbreak of the epidemic fatal disease in horses in the New England region of the USA in 1831, hence the reference to a horse disease in the name.

Wild, farmed and captive birds can even be infected with the virus and a few species develop disease. In fact, birds are key to how the virus spreads.

How is Eastern encephalomyelitis virus spread?

Birds – especially passerinea gaggle that features robins, starlings, thrushes and blue jays – are the predominant hosts of the virus.

These birds produce high enough levels of the virus that allow it to contaminate biting mosquitoes and maintain what is called the “transmission cycle.”

Mosquitoes feeding on birds in forested wetlands, especially , allow the virus to flow into amongst the birds. However, this mosquito rarely bites humans, so it is not as necessary in human disease outbreaks.

Mosquitoes feed on each birds and mammals that transmit the virus to humans and horses. These include , and mosquitoes. But once infected, humans and horses don’t spread the virus. This is because they don’t produce high enough levels of the virus to contaminate mosquitoes.

One approach to reduce contact with mosquitoes is to make use of mosquito nets.
A/Prof Cameron Webb (Health Pathology NSW)

How can we limit the spread?

There aren’t any specific treatments for Eastern encephalomyelitis virus infection, or any licensed vaccines to be used in humans. There is a vaccine registered for veterinary use to forestall viral infections in horses.

The predominant strategies to limit human exposure to the virus are personal protective equipment and mosquito control.

Epidemics can have a major impact on communities, not only due to the disease itself, but in addition due to the measures implemented to limit its transmission.

Recent outbreaks have led to the cancellation of out of doors events. Concerns have also been raised about the widespread use of aerial “fogging” to kill mosquitoes, as the chemicals commonly used should not specific to mosquitoes and should pose a risk to other insects.

Some cities have closed park areas evening and asked residents not to depart their homes at night.

Why did the epidemic break out now?

The virus circulates throughout the 12 months in tropical regions. like FloridaIn the northeastern a part of the USA the virus has more sporadic activityHere it is often introduced by migratory birds and is energetic during the warmer months when the mosquito population is high.

This virus has been known for a lot of a long time and has had many outbreaks in North America. One of the last major outbreaks It was in 2019 in several northeastern states of the USA, when 38 human cases (including 12 deaths).

There is evidence that the virus is spreading to latest regions of North America. However, given the sporadic nature of the epidemic, it is difficult to predict when it would occur.

Many aspects could influence future disease outbreaks and the spread of the virus to latest regions, including climate, environmental aspects, mosquito and wildlife activity, and, importantly, humans.

As human contact with mosquitoes that may carry the virus from infected birds increases, the risk to public health increases.

It is possible that human activity near mosquito and bird habitats, including urban encroachment on forested wetlands, increases the risk.

That is why it is so necessary for health services to watch mosquito and virus activity. provide early warning risk of human disease.

New Hampshire Pond and Wetland System
Mosquitoes living in forested wetlands enable the virus to spread amongst birds.
Jeff Holcombe/Shutterstock

Is there a risk to Australia?

There is no evidence that eastern encephalomyelitis virus occurs in Australia and there is no immediate risk of its introduction into this country.

While the mosquitoes are situated in AustraliaTheir role in local viral epidemics in humans and animals is not well understood.

But dozens of various mosquitoes are involved on this process. spread of alphaviruses in Australia. This group includes the eastern encephalomyelitis viruses, in addition to those who occur in Australia, namely Ross River AND Barmah Forest viruses.

It might be assumed that a few of these mosquitoes can transmit the virus, but this has not yet been tested in laboratory experiments.

There is little or no information on how local passerine birds may play a task in establishing virus transmission cycles in Australia. There is also no information on whether native Australian vertebrates, reminiscent of marsupials, would reply to infection.

Considering all available evidence, the risk of the virus spreading to Australia and causing an epidemic is most probably very low.

Are travellers in danger?

The risk of being bitten by a mosquito carrying eastern encephalomyelitis virus is extremely low. However, anyone visiting eastern regions of North America, including the United States and Canada, where the virus could also be present, should take precautions to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.

Follow guidance from local health authorities. And take steps to avoid areas (especially wooded wetlands) and times when mosquitoes are energetic (often at dawn and dusk). Wear loose clothing with long sleeves and use repellents containing diethyltoluamide (commonly often called DEET), picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.

These precautions may even protect you from contracting other mosquito-borne viruses you may encounter there, reminiscent of: West Nile Virus.

This article was originally published on : theconversation.com
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Health and Wellness

Vice President Kamala Harris’ ascension and derailment to the White House is the story of many Black women, including me

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2024 Election, Concerned, black women


Written by Dr. Dionne Mahaffey

My heart is heavy. My mind is racing and I am unable to help but take into consideration what this latest era under Donald Trump means for me and for ladies who appear like me and who wanted Vice President Kamala Harris to win, not simply because of her policies and competence or its historical significance. We wanted her to win because having her as a black woman in charge could be a robust statement for a rustic that so often seems reluctant to recognize our strength, talent and humanity.

Madame Harris’s candidacy was deeply personal. Black women identified together with her story, her rise, her spirit. Like me, she grew up in a single mother’s home. She’s my sorority sister. I felt hopeful in the concept that for the first time a Black woman was on the verge of real power, not only next to it. She represented every part we are sometimes told we can’t be: good, uncompromisingly ambitious, compassionate, and yet fiercely independent. Her presence defied the “angry black woman” stereotype, and her resilience reminded us of the countless ways during which Black women have long been pillars of American progress.

But now plainly this dream has been placed on the back burner. Trump’s victory brings back a well-recognized fear. His administration has at all times signaled a disregard for racial equality and women’s rights. We’ve seen what happens when hard-won protections are dismantled: voting rights are violated, police grow to be more aggressive, access to health care is restricted, and social justice is sidelined. For me as a black woman, these changes aren’t abstract political moves; these are issues of survival and dignity. The rhetoric surrounding us is a direct reflection of how protected, valued and vulnerable we feel in our own country.

With Trump’s victory comes the specter of Project 2025, a conservative motion plan that would severely limit civil rights, access to health care and economic resources, especially for Black Americans. Proposed cuts and restructuring of health care, housing and education could reverse years of progress and disproportionately harm marginalized communities. In my work, I see the potential impact on Black-owned businesses that already face enormous barriers to accessing capital. My clients – small business owners who’ve put every part into their ventures – are actually apprehensive about surviving in an economy that will push them further aside. Their concerns echo my very own, underscoring a reality we all know all too well: for us, progress is never linear and actually not guaranteed.

Twice nearly as good

But she didn’t win. We know that Black women often have to be twice nearly as good to achieve half nearly as good. Instead, America selected a criminal over an experienced black woman and it hurts. His victory brought back memories of my very own profession, after I began my first job in the technology industry over 30 years ago. I earned a formidable six-figure salary and came upon that my white friend made $30,000 greater than me. I had a diploma; he didn’t do it. While I used to be promoted to manager, he was promoted to director, and the company ended up paying for his education while I self-funded my MBA. That was the first time I understood how much white men were pampered and given opportunities to achieve perfection that black women were simply expected to earn.

Kamala was greater than qualified — she had worked as a prosecutor for 13 years, was the first Black and South Asian woman elected as a district attorney in California, the first Black and South Asian woman in the United States Senate, and the first woman of color to function vice chairman. By contrast, Trump is a convicted felon, born into privilege, who paid someone to take the SATs, filed for bankruptcy six times, was found guilty of sexual assault, incited a deadly revolt and denied the results of the 2020 presidential election. But by some means he won.

For Black Americans, Trump’s return to office is greater than symbolic. The reality of Trump’s latest presidency appears to be looming. Project 2025 plans to dismantle civil rights protections, access to health care, and economic opportunity that our communities have fought to provide. For those of us who in the past were forced to work twice as hard to achieve half as much, the stakes couldn’t seem higher.

Peace priority

The consequences of these selections aren’t just political – they’re deeply personal. As a therapist, I actually have seen firsthand how alternative anxiety affects my clients. After the elections, this tension will only deepen. Many people struggle with concerns about their future safety, rights and dignity in an environment where they feel increasingly unheard and invisible. Advising clients in these times is difficult, especially knowing that they may face renewed threats to their mental health and well-being. They carry the burden of this country’s instability, and sometimes that burden is greater than anyone should bear.

While helping others, I also need to concentrate to my very own mental health. It’s hard to support others when your spirit is drained, when their fears mirror yours. Taking care of yourself is not just a buzzword for me now – it is a necessity. Every day I remind myself that I cannot pour from an empty cup; so as to serve my clients and community, I need to provide myself with a spot to rest, recharge, and find peace inside myself.

Protecting our peace in times like these requires intention and care. It starts with tuning out the noise – setting boundaries around the news to stay on top of things and prevent anxiety from creeping in. Community is a balm, a reminder that we’re on this together. Leaning on friends, family and networks keeps us grounded and resilient. Mindfulness practices, corresponding to just a few minutes of quiet reflection or deep respiratory, can show you how to regain calm in the face of stress. Taking small actions, volunteering, supporting essential causes restores a way of control and purpose.

And still we rise

When I take into consideration this moment, I do not forget that Black women have faced adversity for generations and proceed to thrive. Kamala Harris’s candidacy, irrespective of the end result, has ignited something inside us – the determination to claim our space, construct our communities, and defend justice. The fight for equality and progress doesn’t end with one election; it is a lifelong journey and we’re uniquely equipped to sail it.

So today I hold space for my disappointment. But tomorrow, like all Black women who know that our value, power, and stories are greater than any single person or alternative, I’ll return to work. We will proceed to move forward, not just for ourselves, but for generations who will look back on this moment and know that we never gave up. Together we embody resilience and together we are going to rise.


This article was originally published on : www.blackenterprise.com
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Health and Wellness

WATCH: In the studio: Who decides on the war – Essence

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“; } }); // Drag and scroll functionality const playlistContainer = document.getElementById(‘playlist’); let isDown = false; let startY; let scrollTop; playlistContainer.addEventListener(‘mousedown’, (e) => { isDown = true; playlistContainer.classList.add(‘active’); startY = e.pageY – playlistContainer.offsetTop = playlistContainer.addEventListener(‘mouseleave’; playlistContainer.classList.remove(‘active’); playlistContainer.addEventListener(‘mouseup’, () => { isDown = false; playlistContainer.classList.remove(‘active’); }); mousemove’, (e) => { if (!isDown) return; e.preventDefault(); const y = e.pageY – playlistContainer.offsetTop; const walk = (y – startY) * 3; .scrollTop = scrollTop – walk; }); } } if (” !== ‘efoc24’) { // Check DoubleVerify Quality Targeting signals before rendering the player if ( ‘unknown’ !== typeof PQ ) { PQ.cmd. push(function() { // If DVQT signals are not available after 500 ms, render the player anyway. const timeout_id = setTimeout( jwPlayerRender, 500 ); // Get “Authentic Direct” signals. PQ.getTargeting({ signals: [‘abs’] }, function(error, targetingData) { clearTimeout(timeout_id); jwPlayerRender(error? undefined: targetingData); }); }); } else { jwPlayerRender(); } function jwPlayerRender( dvqt_signals=”” ) { let jw_ad_tag ​​= {“client”:”googima”,”adscheduleid”:”G7hR9pQ2″,”schedule”:[{“tag”:”https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ads?correlator=&iu=/21698916284/ess/VideoNews&env=vp&gdfp_req=1&output=vast&sz=400×300%7C640x480%7C1000x1%7C1920x1080&description_url=__page-url__&tfcd=0&npa=0&vpmute=1&vpa=auto&vad_type=linear&url=__page-url__&vpos=preroll&unviewed_position_start=1&v=BHeaONV5&pmnd=0&pmxd=60000&ad_rule=1&cust_params=ttid%3DBHeaONV5%26frnch%3D__item-franchise__%26environment%3Dproduction%26kwblock%3Ddis%2CAbb%2CAir%2CDIS+2%2CCapOne%2CCapOne2%2CLincoln%2CUPS%2CVG%2CATTCric%2Cmcd%2CTargetbos%2CEFOC_Tar.%2CToyota%2CNationwide%2CDisney%2CKISQALI+420491%2CPubW+Precision%2Cattefoc3%2CWalmart%2CHyundai2023%2CHuluPMP%2CCokeBWIH%2CAxSpA”,”offset”:”pre”},{“tag”:”https://vid.springserve.com/vast/670880?url=https://www.essence.com/news/watch-in-the-studio-who-decides-war/h=450&w=800&cb=2735″,”offset”:”50%”}]”offers”:{“bidders”:[{“id”:”jw-video-BHeaONV5″,”name”:”jwdemand”,”publisherId”:”evcxFIDZ”,”siteId”:”WT5iFegj”,”placementId”:”24399785″}]”settings”:{“disableConsentManagementOnNoCmp”:true,”mediationLayerAdServer”:”dfp”,”floorPriceCents”:200,”floorPriceCurrency”:”usd”,”buckets”:[{“increment”:0.1,”max”:30,”min”:0},{“increment”:0.5,”max”:50,”min”:30}]}}}; // Configure ad tag on the fly… let additional_params = {}; // Input DVQT signals. if ( dvqt_signals && dvqt_signals.ABS.length > 0 ) { additional_params.ABS = dvqt_signals.ABS.join(“,”); } // Create a string of additional_parameters. let extra_params_str=””; for (enter additional_parameters) { let value = additional_parameters[key]; additional_params_str += `${key}=${value}`; if ( key !== Object.keys( additional_params .pop() ) { additional_params_str += ‘&’; } } // Update ad tag cust_params (must be URL encoded). if ( Object.keys( additional_parameters ). length > 0 ) { let ad_schedule = jw_ad_tag.schedule; if ( ‘undefined’ !== ad schedule type ) { for (let i = 0; i < ad_schedule. length; i++) { let ad_url = new URL(jw_ad_tag. schedule[i].label); let query_params = new URLSearchParams(ad_url.search); query_params.set("cust_params", query_params.get("cust_params") + `&${additional_params_str}`); ad_url.search = query_params.toString(); jw_ad_tag.schedule[i].tag = ad_url.toString(); } } } let playerId; if ("undefined" !== type jwplayerQueue) { playerId = 'jw-video-BHeaONV5'; jwplayerQueue.push({ 'instanceId': 'playerInstance_BHeaONV5', 'playerId': playerId, 'config': { pid: 't6KP9zcV', playlist: "https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/BHeaONV5", autostart: !jw_ad_tag, repeat: true, mute: true, aspect ratio: "16:9", share: {sites: ["facebook", "twitter", "email", "linkedin"]}, cast: {}, float: {disibility: true}, autoPause: {viewability: true}, displaytitle: true, displaydescription: true, controls: true, related: {displayMode: 'shelfWidget'}, interactive: {} , ad: jw_ad_tag ​​​​} }); } // Load video. jQuery(window).trigger("jw:loadplayers"); function waitForJWPlayer(callback) { if (type jwplayer !== 'undefined') { callback(); } else { setTimeout(function() { waitForJWPlayer(callback); }, 500); } } waitForJWPlayer(function() { jwplayer(playerId).on('adsManager', function (adsManagerLoaded) { let adsManager = adsManagerLoaded.adsManager; let videoElement = document.getElementById(playerId ); let config = { anId: '929481' , campId: '640x360', ias_xps: "autoplay", // autoplay status ias_xbp: "2", // video destination type ias_xar: "1" // autoplay status }; // Start IAS integration googleImaVansAdapter .init(google, adsmanager, videoitem, config } } });

This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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Health and Wellness

SEE: On my feed – Black women react with shock, resignation and anger to Donald Trump’s presidential victory – Essence

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“; } }); // Drag and scroll functionality const playlistContainer = document.getElementById(‘playlist’); let isDown = false; let startY; let scrollTop; playlistContainer.addEventListener(‘mousedown’, (e) => { isDown = true; playlistContainer.classList.add(‘active’); startY = e.pageY – playlistContainer.offsetTop = playlistContainer.addEventListener(‘mouseleave’; playlistContainer.classList.remove(‘active’); playlistContainer.addEventListener(‘mouseup’, () => { isDown = false; playlistContainer.classList.remove(‘active’); }); mousemove’, (e) => { if (!isDown) return; e.preventDefault(); const y = e.pageY – playlistContainer.offsetTop; const walk = (y – startY) * 3; .scrollTop = scrollTop – walk; }); } } if (” !== ‘efoc24’) { // Check DoubleVerify Quality Targeting signals before rendering the player if ( ‘unknown’ !== typeof PQ ) { PQ.cmd. push(function() { // If DVQT signals are not available after 500 ms, render the player anyway. const timeout_id = setTimeout( jwPlayerRender, 500 ); // Get “Authentic Direct” signals. PQ.getTargeting({ signals: [‘abs’] }, function(error, targetingData) { clearTimeout(timeout_id); jwPlayerRender(error? undefined: targetingData); }); }); } else { jwPlayerRender(); } function jwPlayerRender( dvqt_signals=”” ) { let jw_ad_tag ​​= {“client”:”googima”,”adscheduleid”:”G7hR9pQ2″,”schedule”:[{“tag”:”https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ads?correlator=&iu=/21698916284/ess/VideoNews&env=vp&gdfp_req=1&output=vast&sz=400×300%7C640x480%7C1000x1%7C1920x1080&description_url=__page-url__&tfcd=0&npa=0&vpmute=1&vpa=auto&vad_type=linear&url=__page-url__&vpos=preroll&unviewed_position_start=1&v=XwtX3gTf&pmnd=0&pmxd=60000&ad_rule=1&cust_params=ttid%3DXwtX3gTf%26frnch%3D__item-franchise__%26environment%3Dproduction%26kwblock%3Ddis%2CAbb%2CWal%2CAir%2CCapOne%2CLincoln%2CCoca%2CUPS%2CVG%2CATTCric%2CTargetbos%2CEFOC_Tar.%2CToyota%2CTylenol%2CNationwide%2CDisney%2CAT%26T+2023%2CAT%26T+Dream%2CKISQALI+420491%2CHulu%2CGM%2Cattefoc%2Cattefoc3%2CBuick2%2CGMBuick2%2CHuluPMP%2CCokeBWIH”,”offset”:”pre”},{“tag”:”https://vid.springserve.com/vast/670880?url=https://www.essence.com/news/watch-in-my-feed-black-women-respond-with-shock-resignation-and-anger-to-donald-trumps-presidential-win/h=450&w=800&cb=2436″,”offset”:”50%”}]”offers”:{“bidders”:[{“id”:”jw-video-XwtX3gTf”,”name”:”jwdemand”,”publisherId”:”evcxFIDZ”,”siteId”:”WT5iFegj”,”placementId”:”24399785″}]”settings”:{“disableConsentManagementOnNoCmp”:true,”mediationLayerAdServer”:”dfp”,”floorPriceCents”:200,”floorPriceCurrency”:”usd”,”buckets”:[{“increment”:0.1,”max”:30,”min”:0},{“increment”:0.5,”max”:50,”min”:30}]}}}; // Configure ad tag on the fly… let additional_params = {}; // Input DVQT signals. if ( dvqt_signals && dvqt_signals.ABS.length > 0 ) { additional_params.ABS = dvqt_signals.ABS.join(“,”); } // Create a string of additional_parameters. let extra_params_str=””; for (enter additional_parameters) { let value = additional_parameters[key]; additional_params_str += `${key}=${value}`; if ( key !== Object.keys( additional_params .pop() ) { additional_params_str += ‘&’; } } // Update ad tag cust_params (must be URL encoded). if ( Object.keys( additional_parameters ). length > 0 ) { let ad_schedule = jw_ad_tag.schedule; if ( ‘undefined’ !== ad schedule type ) { for (let i = 0; i < ad_schedule. length; i++) { let ad_url = new URL(jw_ad_tag. schedule[i].label); let query_params = new URLSearchParams(ad_url.search); query_params.set("cust_params", query_params.get("cust_params") + `&${additional_params_str}`); ad_url.search = query_params.toString(); jw_ad_tag.schedule[i].tag = ad_url.toString(); } } } let playerId; if ("undefined" !== type jwplayerQueue) { playerId = 'jw-video-XwtX3gTf'; jwplayerQueue.push({ 'instanceId': 'playerInstance_XwtX3gTf', 'playerId': playerId, 'config': { pid: 't6KP9zcV', playlist: "https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/XwtX3gTf", autostart: !jw_ad_tag, repeat: true, mute: true, aspect ratio: "16:9", share: {sites: ["facebook", "twitter", "email", "linkedin"]}, cast: {}, float: {disibility: true}, autoPause: {viewability: true}, displaytitle: true, displaydescription: true, controls: true, related: {displayMode: 'shelfWidget'}, interactive: {} , ad: jw_ad_tag ​​​​} }); } // Load video. jQuery(window).trigger("jw:loadplayers"); function waitForJWPlayer(callback) { if (type jwplayer !== 'undefined') { callback(); } else { setTimeout(function() { waitForJWPlayer(callback); }, 500); } } waitForJWPlayer(function() { jwplayer(playerId).on('adsManager', function (adsManagerLoaded) { let adsManager = adsManagerLoaded.adsManager; let videoElement = document.getElementById(playerId ); let config = { anId: '929481' , campId: '640x360', ias_xps: "autoplay", // autoplay status ias_xbp: "2", // video destination type ias_xar: "1" // autoplay status }; // Start IAS integration googleImaVansAdapter .init(google, adsmanager, videoitem, config } } });

This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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