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9 million Mozambicans live below the poverty line – what’s wrong with the state budget and how to fix it

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Mozambique ranks at bottom 20 With human development index. It measures a rustic’s progress based on key dimensions akin to long and healthy lives and an honest lifestyle. Nearly two-thirds of Mozambicans – 18.9 million people – live below national poverty line of $0.70 per day.

The country also has difficulties financing public spending, persistent state budget deficits . At the same time, it doesn’t use all the funds provided for in the budget.

Mozambique’s frequent budget deficits should not surprising. The country has rapidly growing populationincreases needs of the poor population, ruined infrastructureAND very limited revenue generation.

In recent research on the credibility of Mozambique’s budget, we examined how the government’s challenges in meeting revenue and expenditure targets are harming the overall economy. And we advise solutions.

In our study, we focused on public spending on the social sector. This included education, health, social protection and public works (including water and sewage). All are essential to creating human capital and reducing poverty. The social sector is accountable for 40% of planned expenses. Education is the largest and accounts for about 20% of the total pie.

Our study introduces – and successfully tests – a straightforward method that might be easily applied by budgetary oversight entities. This includes the Parliament’s budgetary oversight unit and the Court of Auditors. It will also be utilized by planning units in ministries, especially the Ministry of Finance. Finally, it might be utilized by civil society budget watchdogs because they depend on public information.

Its adoption will provide tools to improve budget management, which in turn will lead to more reliable budget implementation.

Assessment of public finance management

The Public spending and financial responsibility The program was initiated in 2001 by the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the governments of France, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The goal was to improve fiscal performance. It has conducted 533 assessments in 155 countries, including 47 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Ten evaluations were accomplished in Mozambique.

The program defines budget credibility as the degree to which the government budget is realistic and implemented as intended. A reputable budget provides assurance to a spread of stakeholders about the predictability of public spending and services. This includes taxpayers, donors and lenders, firms that provide government, public sector employees and recipients of public services.

A matter about credibility

We used publicly available government budget data to measure the credibility of Mozambique’s budget. We checked out each planned expenses and their actual implementation.

The Public Spending and Financial Responsibility Program has identified several weaknesses in its previous evaluations. These included deviations, sector-specific volatility, revenue shortfalls and interim budget adjustments.

However, these conclusions didn’t address the underlying causes of budget discrepancies. The assessments due to this fact didn’t allow for in-depth evaluation.

in ours testWe analyzed the credibility of the budget intimately, measuring the forms of expenditure and the financial 12 months.

The Court’s findings showed continued under-implementation of budgeted expenditure. This occurred even in years when income was sufficient. There were significant differences across sectors. For example, education and health budgets have shown relatively reliable budgets compared to public works, social protection and general non-social spending.

Comparison of forms of expenses revealed interesting patterns. Examples include capital expenditure in social sectors (akin to schools, health care facilities, water and sewage). They were mainly financed from external funds and were more volatile and less reliable than current expenses. Current expenditure includes teachers’ salaries and, more generally, total salaries.

We also found clear indications of a reallocation of resources outside normal budgetary rules. For example, we’ve got come across the suggestion that funds originally intended for investments were redirected to finance current expenses.

Finally, we found no strong evidence that mid-12 months budgetary adjustments improved credibility. This was in line with the public expenditure and financial responsibility reporting.

Causes and potential solutions

The government of Mozambique’s budget account attributes fiscal inconsistencies to two essential aspects.

On the one hand, slower economic growth and inefficient tax collection lead to revenue shortfalls. On the other hand, there have been overspends due to quite a lot of events. These include natural disasters, health shocks (akin to Covid-19), inflation, exchange rate fluctuations and delays in donor disbursements. Administrative and logistical issues also played a task and delayed projects.

The government has taken steps to reduce these gaps. These include:

  • creation of a reserve fund inside the recent state fund

  • increasing tax collection

  • initiated the VAT reform. It was proposed by the IMF.

These efforts are accompanied by measures to address spending overruns. These include improving transparency and accountability in public budgets. They also include efforts to reduce overall public sector wage spending.

Our test recommends additional strategies to increase budget credibility:

Sectoral concentration: higher targeting of spending in social sectors. This includes education, health, social protection and social work. And streamline related budgeting processes

Improved investment management: strengthening supervision mechanisms over externally financed projects. The aim can be to limit the diversion of funds for unplanned purposes. And higher alignment with long-term development goals

Reassessment of budget adjustments: focus mid-12 months budget adjustments on strategic reallocation moderately than ad hoc adjustments

Improved monitoring: implement a system that can enable the Ministry of Economy and Finance to discover areas requiring improvement, potential quick advantages and best practices

Budget credibility is crucial to Mozambique’s economic development and public confidence. Effective budget management ensures transparency, predictability and accountability. All are essential for sustainable growth.

This article was originally published on : theconversation.com
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Health and Wellness

Today is World Menopause Day and, ladies, we have something to talk about

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menopause, perimenopause, World Menopause Day, The Change, women and hormones, women

If you were born biologically female and are between the ages of Generation X and Baby Boomers, there is a very good probability that you just are approaching, experiencing, or already past “The Shift,” also often called menopause. If it’s the previous, you are not alone; this yr, multiple million American women will enter menopause. If it is the latter, congratulations – I can not wait to join you on the opposite side.

For a long time (and possibly centuries), discussions about menopause have largely been within the realm of jokes – with tropes about hot flashes, anger, and dry undercarriage. (Who can forget Clair Huxtable half-jokingly sticks her head within the freezer?) However, each physically and mentally, the fact of perimenopause and the later stages of menopause is far more confusing than we realize, mainly because, like femininity itself, it is unique to each woman.

That’s why we need to talk openly about menopause – and what higher time than World Menopause Day?

“After many years of neglect, we have finally seen popular media give long-standing, unprecedented attention to menopause, encouraging women to seek help for menopausal symptoms,” it states 2024 white paper published by the International Menopause Society. However, a lot of us have no idea what treatments can be found, helpful, secure and appropriate for us individually.

I’m 49 years old and each a newlywed and (bless my husband’s heart) perimenopausal conundrum. I feel cold after which hot at any moment. I’m stuffed with feelings and attractions, but I have problems with libido. All the “thickness” that after gave me the healthy shape of a coke bottle now wants to migrate inward (we fight it). My long, thick hair is now unquenchable and is falling out in a way that worries me and my hairdresser. I’m continually losing something – most frequently my phone – and I’m often forced to remember why I wandered from one room to the following. My sleep is as irregular as my menstrual cycle. After years of refraining from an unplanned pregnancy, I’m now conscious about my dwindling egg reserves, and yet, as I’m at an age where “oops” can occur when those already older eggs escape from my ovaries, I’m also on HRT as well as to HRT. contraception, because nobody has time for it when planning a honeymoon and a fiftieth birthday.

“Being in your 40s is crazy. Some friends are grandparents, and a few have newborns,” we read popular meme circulating on the Internet. This is just the tip of the reproductive iceberg at this stage of life.

In short, these are crazy and unpredictable times. Because October 18 is annually recognized as World Menopause Day (this yr’s theme is menopause-related hormone therapy), it’s price asking: why are so a lot of us still clueless about these inevitable changes to our bodies and minds? (Spoiler alert: Women’s health has rarely, if ever, been a universal priority beyond reproductive debates.) So I reached out on social media, asking women in my circle to share their experiences with perimenopause and menopause, each expected and unexpected. Within an hour, dozens of replies were received.

“Every day is different,” a friend commented. “Understanding new metabolism is a challenge. It’s a challenge for my body to reject things that I could normally do before. Grace and patience are most important,” she added.

“I’m 48 and I wait every day for it to end lol,” said one other. “(There are) changes I wasn’t aware of: hair texture, weight gain, muscle aches and insomnia.”

“I feel lost, dazed and confused. Where are my keys, glasses, purse? “Oh, in my hand,” a friend joked. “I wish someone had told me how much my body rebelled against my memory of it.”

“Real talk: I didn’t expect my power to wane,” a author friend shared as we bemoaned our elusive libido. Others said their numbers had unexpectedly increased.

“For me, the most significant change was in mentality. My tolerance and patience for bulls is close to zero,” chimed in one other. “My biggest challenge is sleep. I can’t get a full 6-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep no matter what I try.”

A school friend simply said, “I want to get off this roller coaster of misery.”

Can we only expect misfortune after menopause? Well, the excellent news is that it doesn’t, but the reality is that almost all of us enter this phase of life completely unprepared for the countless and varied ways it might probably hit us and the way long it might probably last. Perimenopause often appears in women of their mid to late 40s and lasts about seven years, even though it may last twice as long before the required yr, with no period marking the transition to menopause. And you do not have to be middle-aged to begin with; any variety of aspects, including uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cancer treatment, or simply plain old biology, could cause perimenopause to begin in a lady in her 30s.

While symptoms could be anywhere, for a lot of the most important obstacles come when trying to find the appropriate diagnosis and get relief – which is why we as women must paved the way in keeping these conversations on the forefront. No one will take our health and well-being as seriously as we do – or provide us with the language we need to advocate for what we need, whether or not it’s an over-the-counter complement, cooling sheets, more advanced interventions like similar to hormone alternative therapy (HRT) or all the above.

“I would honestly recommend talking to more people going through this so we can create a community instead of trying to solve the problems alone,” my friend said. “Everyone’s body is different. But the support was amazing.”

Featured Stories

If you’re in or close to “The Shift,” the primary and neatest thing you may do is arm yourself with the knowledge obligatory to navigate it. Apart from news podcasts ia a growing variety of books on the topicOn October 17, PBS debuted “Factor M: the destruction of silence during menopause” to help demystify the dialogue around this naturally occurring life event. Most importantly, don’t underestimate the power of community; family, friends and even transient acquaintances can be invaluable in providing advice, empathy, recommendations and referrals, especially when qualified specialist may turn out to be useful. And remember: while you most likely have no control over when or how menopause hits, it isn’t the top of the world; only a period (eventually).

“Embrace this powerful change. “Menopause is a time of empowerment,” my cousin advised as we shared our condolences. “Find a wonderful OB/GYN who takes you seriously and believes you. We should be our own best advocates; don’t leave all of it to the doctors,” she added, joking, “(and) gain fans in EVERY room in your home, or simply be comfortable that you just seem like James Brown during a lot of his appearances.”

Happy World Menopause Day! We will survive!


This article was originally published on : thegrio.com
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Health and Wellness

Serena Williams shared that she had a cyst “the size of a small grapefruit” removed from her neck.

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Serena Williams, 43, revealed to her family on TikTok that she had a branchial cyst (fluid-filled sacs that appear on the side of the neck) the size of a small grapefruit removed from her neck.

The Olympic champion discovered a lump in her neck in May and went straight to the doctor, who ordered an MRI to remove the lump.

@serena

In May, I felt a lump on my neck. I immediately went to the doctor, had an MRI and was told I had a cyst in my arm. Have you ever heard of it? They said I didn’t must remove it if I didn’t wish to. So I didn’t get it, nevertheless it kept growing. I made a decision to get more tests done, 3 tests and one biopsy later, all the things was still negative, however the doctors advised me to have it removed ASAP because it was the size of a small grapefruit and will change into infected or worse, leak. So that’s me removing it. I feel extremely grateful and lucky that all the things worked out and, above all, I’m healthy. I still made it to American Doll with Olympia as promised. And yes, all the things is nice. 🙏🏿🙏🏿 #fyp #toyoursite #serenawilliams #mother

♬ original sound – Serenawilliams

“They said I didn’t have to remove it if I didn’t want to. So I didn’t understand it, but it was growing,” she continued. “I decided to take further tests[s]and 3 attempts[s] and one biopsy later; everything is still negative but the doctors advised me to have it removed as soon as possible as it was the size of a small grapefruit and could cause infection or worse leakage.”

Williams expressed gratitude for the end result, stating that she was “so lucky that everything worked out, and most of all I’m healthy”, before stating that “everything is fine”.

In the TikTok video, the mother of two also shared insights about her hospital experience with fans.

In the voiceover, the investor and entrepreneur said, “Hey, there’s been a lot occurring. I recently had surgery during which I had to take some terrible medicine that I hated a lot.

She continued: “I went all out, but they had to put in a sewage system because there was too much of it. But everything worked out. I feel really lucky to have had the opportunity to work with some great doctors. I’m a little scared here, but I’m excited to move on to the next steps of recovery.”

Ultimately, the tennis player described the surgery as “successful” and the medications she was prescribed were working.

After the procedure, Williams and her family enjoyed some much-needed fun on the American Doll store. The 23-time Grand Slam singles champion and four-time Olympic gold medalist has two children, 13-month-old Adira and 7-year-old Olympia, with her husband Alexis Ohanian.

We are glad that he looks good after surgery!


This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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Health and Wellness

Angel Reese at Diotima is our favorite moment of the week – Essence

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This week, the return of the Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show was on everyone’s mind. One appearance at the event stands out in my mind: WNBA star Angel Reese arrives in a Diotima dress designed by Rachel Scott. The shade of red was an interesting color accent against the pink carpet and background during the renovated presentation.

Reese had an important debut season with the Chicago Sky this yr. What higher approach to have a good time than by attending one of the most star-studded events of the yr? She wore a spring/summer 2025 beaded red dress for the show (remember, this collection was just unveiled during New York Fashion Week last month). The decorative beading and tassels at the bottom of the dress are lovely details value mentioning. What made this look work for Reese was the simplicity that got here with Diotima’s work. A pair of black open-toe heeled sandals, several gold rings, stud earrings, an identical necklace and her hair styled in a half-up bun were also great accessories.

Angel Reese at Diotima is our favorite moment of the week
BROOKLYN, NEW YORK – OCTOBER 15: Angel Reese attends the Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show 2024 at Duggal Greenhouse on October 15, 2024 in Brooklyn, New York. (Photo: Theo Wargo/Getty Images)

It was smart to wear a Diotima dress for this moment. Especially considering that Rachel Scott’s creations are modern-day keepsakes for fashion lovers. We sit up for seeing the future style moments which are on the horizon for Reese. For now, we’ll just enjoy this gorgeous look.

This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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