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Poverty in Lagos is not just about money – here’s why

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Lagos is The economic power of Nigerianevertheless it has some certainty worst slums in the country.

Lagos slums are characterised by high levels of poverty – a state of lack of sufficient resources to fulfill basic living needs comparable to food, water, shelter, health care and education.

Poverty is multidimensional. It’s not just about money. However, poverty in Lagos slums has often been studied using traditional methods that focus mainly on income thresholds. An individual is considered poor if his or her income falls below a certain level. This approach takes into consideration financial difficulties. However, it ignores other elements of poverty, comparable to lack of access to education, health care, clean water and decent living conditions.

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Measuring poverty requires: multidimensional approachand not simply income approach. Multidimensional poverty means taking a look at all elements of poverty to get a fuller picture of what it means to live in poverty. It helps policymakers and researchers understand that even with a certain income, an individual should struggle because they lack other essential services.

IN test poverty in the slums of Lagos State, two other development economists and I used a mathematical framework to model multidimensional poverty. We used the so-called fuzzy set approach. It was developed in the Nineteen Nineties as a substitute for purely monetary measures of poverty.

The traditional monetary approach often classifies people as “poor” or “non-poor” based on specific cut-off points. In fact, poverty covers a large spectrum, and other people may experience different levels of poverty in different elements of their lives. A fuzzy set approach explains this by assigning membership grades to different poverty rates.

Using a multidimensional index, we found significant differences in poverty rates in slums in Lagos State. Our insights will enable economists and policymakers to see the various ways in which individuals in slums are deprived. This, in turn, should help them understand the best way to improve their lives in a more focused and effective way.

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Context and methodological approach

Our study focused on five large slums situated near the coastline in Lagos State. They belong to the slums World Bank decided to upgrade as a part of a $200 million loan project to enhance water drainage and solid waste management.

We chosen 400 respondents from five slums: Makoko, Iwaya, Ilaje, Ijora Badia and Amukoko.

According to Avijit Hazra and Nithya J. Gogtaybiostatistics and research methodology researchers, a minimum of 384 samples is appropriate for a big population. Nevertheless, the sample chosen for this study limits the generalizability of the outcomes to other slums, especially those with different characteristics.

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The multidimensional poverty rate was highest in Makoko and Iwaya. These results indicate severe poverty as they exceed the 0.50 threshold.

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In contrast, Amukoko had the bottom multidimensional poverty rate, showing relatively less severe deprivation across all indicators.

Makoko and Iwaya are particularly poor in areas comparable to education, sanitation and nutrition. This explains the upper level of poverty in comparison with other communities.

Makoko’s location on the coast, with makeshift buildings and poor infrastructure, increases its vulnerability. Iwaya faces similar challenges in education and health care. These aspects make each areas more deprived than other slums.

Of the three broad dimensions of poverty measured, education was found to be probably the most deprived in all communities. This highlighted the limited formal education amongst residents.

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In particular, Makoko and Iwaya showed the best deprivation at college. Despite some improvements, particularly in child enrollment, these communities still face severe deprivation.

The second dimension characterised by severe deprivation was the way of life. There were differences in different slums. Makoko and Iwaya had greater sanitation challenges.

The third dimension in the severe deprivation category was health. Indicators included mortality and nutrition. They were high in many slums, contributing significantly to their multidimensional poverty rates.

Other communities comparable to Amukoko (0.0312) showed higher sanitation performance. On the opposite hand, indicators for electricity, flooring and cooking fuel generally showed lower levels of poverty, with most slums scoring around 0.03 or below in these categories.

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The occurrence of each serious and minor diseases combined with insufficient medical care contributed to high mortality.

Poor sanitation can even cause health problems. In Makoko and Iwaya, toilets and waste management were poor, and waste was often dumped into waterways.

Despite this, personal hygiene practices comparable to using clean water, soap, and regular brushing were common. This helped keep the sanitation index relatively low in comparison with other aspects that affect health.

Other slums had relatively higher organized garbage collection systems and usually higher sanitation practices.

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What ought to be done

Policymakers should prioritize education-focused initiatives. This should include improving access to high-quality schools, providing scholarships and creating adult literacy programs.

The study also highlighted sanitation challenges, especially in Makoko and Iwaya. There is a necessity to enhance infrastructure in these areas, comparable to higher sanitation, waste management systems and access to wash water.

Policies should concentrate on improving sanitation services to scale back health risks and improve living conditions.

However, differences in poverty rates across slums indicate different levels of poverty, suggesting that a one-size-fits-all approach will not be effective.

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Coastal slums comparable to Makoko and Iwaya require more intensive interventions in comparison with slums situated directly on the coastal lines comparable to Amukoko.

Policymakers should focus resources where they’re needed most to have the best impact.

Slums comparable to Ilaje and Ijora Badia are near the acute poverty line. Policymakers must take proactive motion to forestall the severe deprivation of those communities.

Finally, it is necessary to make use of data to discover priority areas and develop targeted interventions to enhance the standard of lifetime of slum dwellers.

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Rather than counting on generalized approaches, findings from this study can facilitate the design of specific policies that address the distinct needs of every community.

This article was originally published on : theconversation.com
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Health and Wellness

Why wearing sweat and playing in sudoku can be good measures of your overall health

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While aging is inevitable, good aging is something that we can influence. It isn’t just concerning the number of candles on the birthday cake – whether you’ve got a puff to blow them up, balance to wear a cake and memory to recollect why you’re celebrating.

How we age Our bodies change. Muscle mass shrinks, bones weaken, slow response times. But this doesn’t mean that we’re all intended for the longer term of walks and daytime television.

Aging isn’t about staying free from wrinkles-it will remain independent, mobile, acute mental and social. In gerontology, There is a saying: We wish to add life to years, not only for years of life. This means specializing in quality – the power to do what you’re keen on, move freely, think clearly and enjoy sometimes with others.

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There is not any universal definition, but some easy home tests can provide you with a good idea. It doesn’t require a elaborate laboratory – only a toothbrush, a stopwatch and a way of humor.



Oscillate

One funny (and surprisingly useful) way of testing the balance is to face on one leg when brushing teeth. If you can do it for 30 seconds or longer (eyes open), that is an incredible sign of lower body force, coordination and stability of posture.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJ46e0w0w

Found a study 2022 The incontrovertible fact that individuals who couldn’t balance one leg for ten seconds had an 84% higher risk of death in comparison with the median statement of seven years than those that could. As such, balance is like superpower for healthy aging – it reduces falls, supports mobility and can be improved at any age.

Grip

The strength of adhesion is greater than just opening jars. It is a strong overall health indicator, predicting heart health, cognitive functions and even a risk of mortality.

Studies show that for each 5 kg it reduces the strength of grip, risk of death For all reasons, it increased by 16%.

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You can test the grip power using a manual dynamometer (many gyms or clinics have them) or just concentrate to on a regular basis tasks-the bottles, moving food or tools turn into harder?

Floor feat for the feet

Can you sit on the ground and stand up without using your hands? This test is an actual measure of the strength and flexibility of the lower body, that are vital for each day activities and reduce the chance of falls. If you can do it, you’re in great shape.



If it is simply too difficult, try the SIT-to-Stand test. Using a chair (armless), see how much Transition to the Setting on Stand You can do in 30 seconds. This task is a good measure Lower limb function, muscle balance and strengthIt can also predict people threatened with falls AND Cardiovascular problems.

Mental sharpness

Cognitive functions can be measured in alternative ways, but some basic home tests are surprisingly eloquent. Try to call as many animals as possible in 30 seconds. Less than 12 may indicate anxiety; Over 18 is a good sign.

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Try the spelling “world” back or bring a brief list of three elements after a number of minutes. This skill is a vital strategy Increase memory in the elderly. Add a challenge for puzzles, sudoku or learning a brand new skill. This kind of “verbal liquidity” and memory reminder tests are easy ways to detect early changes in brain health – but don’t panic whether it is empty sometimes. Everyone forget where they generally left the keys.

Lifestyle matters

There is not any magic ball for good aging – but when it existed, it might probably be a mixture of exercises, weight loss program, sleep and social connections.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=si_tjyyzy0

Hi Best studied strategies activate:

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Daily movement: Walking, resistance training, swimming or tai chi maintain a powerful balance of muscles and bones and supporting the balance and health of the center.

Healthy nutrition: AND Diet in the Mediterranean style – wealthy in full grains, fruits, vegetables, fish, olive oil and nuts – is related to higher brain and heart health.

To sleep: Seven to nine hours of prime quality sleep bracket, resistance and mood.

Connection: Some studies suggest that loneliness is just as harmful as smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Stay involvedJoin the club, volunteer or simply raise your phone to your friend.

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If you can balance one leg when brushing your teeth, wear a potato bag up the steps and name 20 animals under pressure, you’re doing thoroughly. If not (yet), it’s okay, these are skills that you just can construct in time. Aging means a proactive approach to health: making small, consistent decisions that lead to raised mobility, clearer considering and richer social connections.

So tonight give a challenge for one leg to your teeth. Your future self can thanks, especially in the event that they still have all teeth.

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This article was originally published on : theconversation.com
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Health and Wellness

Chloe and Halle Bailey hit St. Lucia – with a children’s halo in the mix

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Chloe and Halle Bailey hit St. Lucia - with a children's halo in the mix

Instagram/@Hallebiley

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They may not sing together now, but Chloe and Halle Bailey are still doing every little thing different together, including for a very needed vacation. The sisters packed their bags and went to Happy Place Chloe, St. Islands Lucia. But it wasn’t just a sister’s escape. Halle took her one -year -old son, Hello, to enjoy the sun and sand (and sleep, after they show photos). They stopped in the wonderful Landing Windjammer center, surrounded by transparent blue waters and greenery. “It was our first sister journey from a minute and we both just wrapped our films, feeling more blessed than ever,” she wrote. Chloe also explained that the center is a personal favorite for her.

“I feel free again in my house, st lucia !!!! Oh, how I missed you !!!” she wrote. “Thank you @windjammerlanding for always taking care of your girlfriend.”

During the holidays, Halle opened to something that many ladies are struggling with – weight gain. The 25-12 months-old singer, who wore swimwear on the pictures of the journey, jumped on Snapchat to debate what she feels about her body after the birth of the child.

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“I’m a bit thicker at the moment than usual. And I do not really know – it’s a bit uncertain of it.

The actress gave birth to her charming twin Halo Granberry in December 2023 with rapper and YouTuber DDG. The former couple separated lower than a 12 months after Halo. During her conversation, Snapchat Bailey shared how her weight hesitated after delivery.

“So I felt like my body was coming back to the place … I thought I did it then, but it was still very free. Now I am 25 years old, I just have the impression:” Oh, the burden is more holding. “Okay.” I did not have time – that is my first break.

Then Bailey shared how recently Tiktok did with her sister Chloe during the journey, she caused a part of her uncertainty about her weight and body weight gain.

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“Yesterday, me and Chloe, we were on the beach and we did the fun of Tiktok and then a little bit of it. Smelling with this text and I asked:” Hey, can you are taking it off because I feel really bad due to my body, “she said. “Some people ask,” Why is it removed? “It’s due to me.

The star then stated that she was going to work to embrace her body and lean into love for himself.

“But today I say,” I’ll feel higher. ” I will not be too much because I was working on a really nice job that I just finished. “So my message for today that I tell myself:” Enjoy the moment. Don’t be too difficult for myself and let yourself live a little and have fun. “

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This article was originally published on : www.essence.com
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Health and Wellness

Black MDS question removing Dei from the criteria of the medical school

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Black doctors, medicaid, low-income patiens


On May 19, the Medical Education Committee (LCME) voted in favor of removing the partnership and variety programs from the assessment criteria for medical schools awarding “MD” degrees, citing growing repression at the level of diversity, equality and integration.

According to the Committee indicated That these repression is contrary to the standards of the accreditation body, and the abandonment of the standards of diversity would allow them to find out “a single set of accreditation expectations with which all schools, regardless of their location and the current legislative environment, must be consistent.”

A spokesman for the liaison committee also said from the market that the committee made a call after “caring and careful consideration and discussion”, but regardless of what made them come to eliminate diversity from assessment criteria, doctors who worked on increasing the diversity in the field of medicine said that this was determining their efforts.

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Dr. Virginia Caine, president of the National Medical Association, a corporation representing black doctors, said that the decision made “stunned”.

“We are simply stunned by this decision made by LCME,” she said, then pointed to research indicating that black patients often have higher health results and are involved more once they are treated by black primary care physicians.

“We have such a rich and amazing story of talented black doctors,” Caine, who can also be the director of the Public Health Department at Marion County, Indiana; He told about the mouth. “If we knock out access before they enter medical schools or academic schools, we will simply be a nation that is not so creative, not so innovative and is not so successful.”

According to numbers from the Medical College Association, although the percentage of black doctors increased from 2.6% in 2019 to five.2% in 2022.

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On May 22, also National Medical Association issued an announcement Convonance of attacks on diversity, equality and inclusion by the federal government.

“Dissemination of federal administration limitation of diversity, equality and integration (DEI) negatively affect access to medical education for the next generation of black doctors. Medical education liaison committee (LCME), ancient medical education schemes, resulting in a physician of medicine, and jointly sponsored by the Association of American medical universities and American universities Medical Association, and voting to eliminate its various programs in the scope of these changes.

In addition, although there are over 150 medical schools in the United States, medical schools at Four Hbcus, Howard University College of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science and Meharry University they mainly exceed white institutions As for the production of black doctors, which further emphasizes the Caine point.

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According to Dr. Osose Obeh, who graduated from staying in internal medicine at Johns Hopkins University after graduating from the Michigan State University, the transition from LCME together with the repression of diversity, equality and inclusion is “discouraging”.

“There is an attack on something that is really good,” said Obah. “The variety has been renamed as it gives the opportunity to uncouled people, while in reality exposure to qualified people increases.”

Confirming Dr. Caine’s previous statements about how black patients engage with black doctors, Dr. Obah told about the case when she had to present black patients bad news.

“They (patient’s family) were very grateful that I received it from me,” said Obah. “They understood why we were taking the steps we are taking and why we intend to conduct the interventions we intended to do. They felt as if nobody explained it to them.”

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(Tagstranslate) National Medical Association (T) Medical Field (T) Diversity

This article was originally published on : www.blackenterprise.com
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