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Apple, Google and Meta face their first formal investigation under the EU’s DMA

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What is the collective noun for Big Tech investigations? Because the European Union has just announced the launch of an investigation into the gatekeepers appointed under the Digital Markets Act (DMA). Alphabet/Google, Apple and Meta face their first formal non-compliance investigations under the bloc’s revamped set of ex-ante competition rules.

The box shows Alphabet/Google’s Google Play control policy and its approach to custom preferences in search results. For Apple, the EU can be considering its rules on App Store controls and the design of selection screens for alternatives to the Safari web browser. The Commission will examine Meta’s ‘pay or consent’ model.

Three watchdogs appointed under the EU-wide regulation last autumn will face formal investigations into these areas to find out whether, as the Commission suspects, they’re breaching the rulebook. Confirmed DMA violations can lead to financial penalties of as much as 10% of worldwide annual turnover, and as much as 20% for repeat offenses.

The EU could have as much as 12 months to finish the investigations. The initial report may be accomplished inside six months.

The bloc’s enforcement motion comes as antitrust scrutiny continues to accentuate against the three U.S. corporations, including at home.

Since the three corporations unveiled their DMA compliance plans, there was a series of criticism that the proposals will not be compliant with the latest EU law.

For example, Google was accused of attempting to avoid the regulation’s ban on preferring its own services by launching latest, wealthy features in search results that unfairly compete with competitors. Although Apple’s use of notifications for users warning them of the risks of venturing outside the walled garden has been attacked by developers as “intimidating screens”. Meta’s “pay or be tracked” tactics have been roundly condemned by privacy and consumer rights groups as exploitative. (Earlier this month, the Commission sent Meta questions on this matter also under the DMA’s sister regulation, the Digital Services Act).

“The Commission has initiated proceedings to evaluate whether the measures implemented by Alphabet and Apple in reference to their app store obligations violate the DMA. Article 5(1) 4 DMA requires gatekeepers to permit app developers to “target” consumers freed from charge to offers outside gatekeepers’ app stores,” the Commission wrote, expressing concern about the pair’s control measures “will not be fully compliant because they impose various restrictions and limitations,” pointing out, for example, limitations on developers’ ability to “freely communicate and promote offers and directly conclude contracts.”

Following concerns about Google’s preferences, the EU said the investigation would give attention to Google’s vertical search services (e.g. Google Shopping, Google Flights, Google Hotels) and the impact these activities can have on similar competing services.

“The Commission is anxious that the measures Alphabet has implemented to make sure compliance with the DMA may not make sure that third-party services presented on the Google search results page are treated in a good and non-discriminatory manner in comparison with Alphabet’s own services, as required by Article 6 (5) DMA,” it said.

For Apple, the EU may also check whether it meets quite a few user selection obligations in iOS, including allowing end users to simply uninstall apps; easy to alter default settings; and prompts users with selection screens that it says “must effectively and easily allow them to select an alternative default service, such as the browser or search engine on their iPhones.”

“The Commission is concerned that Apple’s measures, including the design of the web browser selection screen, may prevent users from actually exercising the selection of services in the Apple ecosystem, which is contrary to Article 6 section 3 DMA,” she added. .

In the case of Meta, the EU said the investigation would examine whether its recently introduced ‘pay or consent’ model for EU users complies with Article 5 section 2 DMA, noting that this a part of the regulation “requires gatekeepers to obtain users’ consent when they intend to combine or cross-use their personal data across different core platform services.”

“The Commission is concerned that the binary choice imposed by Meta’s pay-or-consent model may not provide a viable alternative in the event that users do not consent, thereby failing to achieve the objective of preventing gatekeepers from collecting personal data,” it said.

Commenting in a press release, Margrethe Vestager, Commission Vice President accountable for competition policy, said: “We suspect that the solutions proposed by the three corporations will not be fully compliant with the DMA. We will now examine whether corporations are complying with the DMA to make sure open and competitive digital markets in Europe.

“The Digital Markets Act came into force on March 7. We have been talking to gatekeepers for months to help them adapt and we are already seeing changes taking place in the market. However, we are not convinced that Alphabet, Apple and Meta’s solutions deliver on their commitments to a fairer and more open digital space for European citizens and businesses,” added Thierry Breton, Commissioner for the Internal Market, in another follow-up statement. “If our investigation found a lack of full compliance with the DMA, guards would face significant fines.”

In response to the Commission’s announcement of the initiation of non-compliance proceedings, Apple sent us the following statement:

We are confident that our plan is consistent with the DMA and we are going to proceed to cooperate constructively with the European Commission because it conducts its investigations. Teams at Apple have created a wide selection of latest capabilities, features and tools for developers to make sure regulatory compliance. At the same time, we now have implemented safeguards to assist mitigate latest risks to the privacy, quality and security of our EU users. Throughout, we now have demonstrated flexibility and responsiveness towards the European Commission and developers, listening and considering their comments.

Google also sent a press release — attributed to Oliver Bethell, its chief competition officer:

To comply with the Digital Markets Act, we now have made significant changes to the way our services operate in Europe. Over the past yr, we now have engaged with the European Commission, stakeholders and third parties on dozens of events to receive and reply to feedback and balance conflicting needs in the ecosystem. We will proceed to defend our approach in the coming months.

Here is a press release from Meta defending this approach:

Subscriptions as a substitute for promoting is a longtime business model across many industries, and we designed Ad-Free Subscription to handle several overlapping regulatory obligations, including DMA. We will proceed to cooperate constructively with the Commission.

The loudest critics of Apple’s approach to DMA compliance are prone to be disillusioned by Monday’s EU announcement, as the bloc has yet to formally examine Apple’s latest fee structure for iOS, which the iPhone maker has made contingent on developers’ willingness to exercise DMA permissions. Although the Commission has announced what it’s press release couches as “investigative steps” on this area. Therefore, on this case too, a couple of steps away from taking formal motion could also be enough.

In particular, the Commission says it’s Apple’s conditions regarding alternative app stores and the distribution of applications from the Internet (so-called sideloading) – arguing that the conditions imposed by Apple “could also be contrary to the purpose of its obligations under Article 6 section 4 of the DMA Act. . However, I repeat, to be clear, this will not be yet a formal non-compliance procedure.

The cited section of the DMA requires gatekeepers to “enable and technically enable the installation and effective use of third-party applications or application stores… and enable access to those applications or application stores by means other than the applicable underlying platform of that gatekeeper’s services,” and containing provisions designed to stop gatekeepers from interfering with third-party stores and sideloaded applications (e.g. by stopping users from setting them as default).

The Commission too signaled expects gatekeepers to stick to the spirit of the law, which suggests it should see regulatory impact as a key measure of compliance.

Also today, the EU announced “investigative actions” against Amazon, saying it’s looking into Amazon’s rating practices in its marketplace because the Commission suspects it “may” itself favor its own brand products, in breach of the DMA. Again, this motion will not be a formal non-compliance procedure.

In response to the statement, an Amazon spokesperson said: “Amazon complies with the Digital Markets Act and has been engaging constructively with the European Commission on our plans since the designation of two of our services. We work hard every day to meet all of our customers’ high standards in the changing regulatory environment in Europe.”

Elsewhere, the EU told five guards to preserve documents it believed may very well be used to evaluate their compliance.

These “stop orders” are aimed toward Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta and Microsoft – so clearly the EU is casting a wider, perhaps preemptive net, as Microsoft will not be on the list of those under formal or investigative investigation today. The commission said the orders aim to make sure that tech giants “preserve available evidence and ensure effective enforcement.”

Only ByteDance — the six appointed guardians of social network TikTok — avoided any DMA motion today.

Extension for Facebook Messenger interoperability

Finally, there may be some consolation for Meta – the Commission has granted it an extra 6 months to satisfy the DMA’s interoperability obligations for Facebook Messenger.

The regulation requires messaging applications designated as core platform services to divulge heart’s contents to competitors to enable cross-platform messaging. This element of DMA allows for a phased approach, with only basic text messages required in the first phase. The regulation also allows – “exceptionally” – extensions of deadlines in the case of a “justified request” and the Commission says this has been accepted by Meta.

“The decision relies on a selected provision of Art. 7 section 3 of the DMA and follows an affordable request submitted by Meta,” it wrote, adding: “Facebook Messenger stays subject to all other obligations under the DMA.”

Under the DMA, a gatekeeper’s request for an extension of compliance deadlines must reveal that it’s “necessary to ensure effective interoperability and maintain the necessary level of security, including end-to-end encryption.”

This article was originally published on : techcrunch.com
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Crypto scammers hack OpenAI press account on X

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Crypto scammers hack OpenAI’s press account on X

OpenAI’s official press account on Platform X was more than likely hijacked by the identical cryptocurrency scammers who did the identical to the corporate’s executives in previous months.

Late Monday afternoon, OpenAI Press OfficeAn account recently created by OpenAI to advertise product and policy announcements posted about OpenAI’s supposedly recent blockchain token, “$OPENAI.”

“We are very pleased to announce $OPEANAI (sic): the gap between AI and blockchain technology,” the post read. “All OpenAI users are eligible to claim a share of the initial supply of $OPENAI. Owning $OPENAI will grant access to all of our future beta programs.”

Image sources: X

Of course, $OPENAI doesn’t exist — and the post on X included a link to a phishing page designed to mimic the legitimate OpenAI site (minus the obviously invalid “token-openai.com” URL). A distinguished “CLAIM $OPENAI” button on the fake page encouraged unsuspecting users to attach their crypto wallets, presumably to be able to steal those users’ login credentials.

Fake OpenAI site
Image sources: X

At the time of publication, each the post and the page were still available — as were a repost and a reply promising “further information” concerning the token “(will) be available later in the week.” Comments on X’s malicious post have been disabled, making the hack less obvious than it’d otherwise have been.

We have reached out to OpenAI and X for comment. We will update this text if we hear back.

This shouldn’t be the primary time that OpenAI-related accounts have fallen victim to a phishing attack.

In June 2023, OpenAI CTO Mira Murati’s account posted an analogous message promoting the fictional crypto token $OPENAI. And just three months ago, the accounts of OpenAI Chief Scientist Jakub Pachocki and OpenAI Researcher Jason Wei were hacked and used to publish fraudulent posts equivalent to today’s post on the OpenAI Newsroom account.

Coin speaker, Reporting in reference to the hack into Murati’s account last June, he said the scammers used a “cryptocurrency siphoning” tool that redirected all of the NFTs and tokens the victims had of their wallets to the scammers’ wallet after they logged right into a fake OpenAI website.

Other popular X accounts belonging to tech firms and celebrities have been hacked lately to advertise crypto scams. In perhaps essentially the most infamous example, in 2020, hackers targeted accounts belonging to Apple, Elon Musk, and Joe Biden to post a Bitcoin wallet address with the claim that any payments made to the address can be doubled and sent back.

Americans lost $5.6 billion to cryptocurrency scams in 2023, up 45% from 2022 According to to the FBI. 2024 is on track to be just as bad — or worse. More than 50,000 scams were reported in the primary half of this 12 months, costing consumers nearly $2.5 billion, for FTC (Frankfurt Trade Commission)

This article was originally published on : techcrunch.com
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Letta, one of the most anticipated AI startups at UC Berkeley, has just come out of hiding

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Letta, one of UC Berkeley’s most anticipated AI startups, has just come out of stealth

A startup called To read has just come out of hiding with technology that helps AI models remember users and conversations. Built in the famed startup factory of UC Berkeley’s labs, it also announced $10 million in seed funding led by Felicis’ Astasia Myers, at a post-money valuation of $70 million.

Letta also advantages from the backing of some of the most outstanding angel investors in AI, including Jeff Dean of Google, Clem Delangue of Hugging Face, Cristóbal Valenzuela of Runway and Robert Nishihara of Anyscale.

Founded by Berkeley PhD students Sarah Wooders and Charles Packer, it’s a highly anticipated AI startup. That’s since it’s the brainchild of Berkeley’s Sky Computing Lab and is a business arm of the popular open-source project MemGPT.

Berkeley’s Sky Computing Lab, led by renowned professor and Databricks co-founder Ion Stoica, is the offspring of RISELab and AMPLab, which spawned corporations corresponding to Anyscale, Databricks, and SiFive. In particular, Sky Lab spawned quite a few popular open-source large language model (LLM) projects, including Gorilla LLM, vLLM, and the LLM structured language SGLang.

“A lot of projects came out of the lab very quickly, within a year. Just people sitting next to us,” Wooders described. “So it was an amazing time.”

One such project is MemGPT. It is so popular that it went viral even before its release.

“Someone beat us to it,” Packer told TechCrunch. The founders had published an information document on Thursday, Oct. 12, 2023, and planned to publish a more detailed document and code to GitHub the following Monday. Some random person found the document, posted it to Hacker News on Sunday, and “it went viral on Hacker News before we had a chance to properly publish the code or publish the document or, like, start a Twitter thread or something like that,” he said.

The reason for the excitement was that MemGPT alleviates a pernicious problem for LLM: In their native form, models like ChatGPT are stateless, meaning they don’t store historical data in long-term memory. That’s problematic for AI applications that depend on learning from and understanding a user over time—from customer support bots to apps that track health care symptoms. MemGPT manages data and memory so AI agents and chatbots can remember previous users and conversations.

The newspaper post stayed at the top of Hacker News, a preferred developer site run by Y Combinator, for 48 hours, Packer said. So he spent the weekend and the next few days answering questions on the site, attempting to get the code ready for release. Once the project was continue to exist GitHub, a link to it went viral on Hacker News, again. Interviews on YouTube and tutorials, Medium posts, 11,000 stars and 1.2k forks on GitHub happened quickly.

Myers of VC Felicis also learned about Wooders and Packer while reading about MemGPT and immediately realized the business possibilities of the technology.

“I saw that paper when it came out,” she told TechCrunch, and immediately reached out to the founders. “We had an investment theme around AI agent infrastructure, and we appreciated that a really important piece of that was managing data and memory to make these conversational chat bots and AI agents effective.”

The founders continued to virtually drive down Sand Hill Road, on Zoom calls with enterprise capitalists before selecting the one who first loved them.

In the meantime, Stoica was brokering connections with Dean, Nishihara, and other outstanding Silicon Valley angel investors. “A lot of the Berkeley professors, just by virtue of being at Berkeley, are very well-connected,” Packer recalled, describing how easy the angel investor process was. “They have their eye on projects coming out of this lab that are going to be commercialized.”

Competition and the threat from OpenAI o1

While MemGPT is already available and in use, the business version of Letta, Letta Cloud, isn’t yet open for business. As of Monday, Letta is accepting requests from beta users. It will offer a hosted agent service that enables developers to deploy and run stateful agents in the cloud, accessible via REST APIs, a programming interface that may maintain state. Letta Cloud will store the long-term data vital for this purpose. Letta can even offer developer tools for constructing AI agents.

With MemGPT, Wooders sees a wide selection of applications. “I think the most common use case we see is basically highly personalized, highly engaging chatbots,” he says. But there are also novel applications, corresponding to a “chatbot for cancer patients,” where patients upload their history after which share their current symptoms so the bot can learn and offer guidance over time.

It’s price noting that MemGPT isn’t the only one working on this. LangChain might be its best-known competitor and already offers business options. Major modelers also offer tools for creating AI agents, corresponding to the OpenAI Assistant API.

And OpenAI’s latest o1 model could make the need for state fixing a moot point for users. Because it’s a multi-stage model, it essentially needs to take care of some level of state to “think” and fact-check before responding.

But Wooders, Packer, and Myers see some key differences between what Letta offers and what the 800-pound gorilla of the market, OpenAI, does. Letta says it can work with any AI model, and it expects its users to make use of many of them: OpenAI, Anthropic, Mistral, their very own models. OpenAI’s technology currently works only with itself.

More importantly, Letta uses the open-source MemGPT code and firmly sides with the open-source side of the FOSS vs. black-box LLM debate, arguing that open-source is the more sensible choice for AI application developers.

“We’re positioning ourselves as an open alternative to OpenAI,” Packer says. “I think it’s actually very, very hard to build very good AI applications, especially when you’re after something like hallucination, if you can’t see what’s going on under the hood.”

This article was originally published on : techcrunch.com
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Jump raises $12M to help freelancers get benefits on par with employees

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Jump raises $12M to help freelancers get benefits just like employees

French startup Jumpa contemporary take on the umbrella company concept in France, raised €11 million (about $12 million at current exchange rates) in a Series A funding round.

Jump offers full-time contracts to freelancers in search of the soundness and benefits of full-time work. It acts as an administrative companion only, and employees remain independent—they’ll work with multiple clients and negotiate their contracts directly.

Breega is leading today’s funding round, with Index Ventures and Raise Ventures also participating. The startup previously raised €4 million (around $4.5 million) in 2021.

Once signed up, freelancers can invoice their clients through Jump’s platform, and at the tip of the month, they’ll create pay slips and get paid. This feature alone implies that freelancers can set a pay schedule for themselves that may work all yr long—even during those slow summer months.

And with a everlasting contract, employees are registered with the national health system and may contribute to the national pension scheme. Jump also offers medical insurance contracts through Alana, food vouchers through Swile, access to worker savings schemes and more. In France, a everlasting contract can be particularly helpful when you are attempting to buy a house and are negotiating a mortgage with a bank.

There are some trade-offs, though. Corporate dues are deducted out of your salary, and Jump itself costs €99 per thirty days. But whenever you’re a freelancer, money is simply a part of the equation. I see numerous freelancers who want the very best of each freelancing and full-time work. So far, the startup has managed to persuade 2,000 freelancers to jump.

The startup also recently launched a free offer for freelancers just starting out. It features a free, skilled checking account with a virtual debit card that works with Apple Pay or Google Pay. There are also a couple of software features that may help you invoice your first clients, akin to a built-in invoicing tool and a dashboard for tracking financial performance.

“This more or less corresponds to the way freelancers work: they often start with the basic French freelance status, and then move to another status when they start to feel the limitations of their status and have enough income,” said Nicolas Fayon, co-founder and CEO of Jump (pictured above).

Jump wants to support more independent employees in the long run, so it currently offers services to software developers, data engineers, project managers, creative consultants, and sports coaches.

For example, it wants to support B2C merchants, akin to “businesses that bill customers through Stripe, using online payments or physical payment terminals,” Fayon said. Jump also plans to expand to other countries, starting with a U.K. umbrella company for freelancers working within the U.K.

This article was originally published on : techcrunch.com
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