SpaceX wants to test refueling spacecraft in space early next year

SpaceX will attempt to transfer fuel from one orbiting spacecraft to one other as early as March next year, a technical milestone that may pave the way in which for an uncrewed demonstration of the spacecraft on the Moon, a NASA official said this week.

Much has been said about Starship’s potential to transform the industrial space industry, but NASA can also be losing hope that the vehicle will return humans to the Moon under the Artemis program. The space agency has awarded the corporate a $4.05 billion contract for 2 human Starship vehicles, with the upper stage (also called Starship) landing astronauts on the lunar surface for the primary time because the Apollo era. A crewed landing is currently scheduled for September 2026.

Kent Chojnacki, deputy program manager for NASA’s Human Landing System (HLS) program, provided more details on how closely the agency will work with the space company on this critical mission in an interview with Spaceflight Now. It will come as no surprise that NASA is paying close attention to the Starship test campaign, which has seen five launches thus far.

SpaceX made history in its latest test on Oct. 13 when it first managed to catch a super-heavy rocket booster in mid-air using “sticks” attached to the launch tower.

“Every time it comes to (launch), we learn a lot,” Chojnacki said.

Chojnacki’s work history includes quite a few roles in the Space Launch System (SLS) program, which oversees the event of the large rocket of the identical name being built by a handful of traditional space-first aircraft. The first SLS rocket launched the Artemis I mission in December 2023, and future rockets will launch additional missions under the Artemis program. However, no a part of the rocket is reusable, which is why NASA spends greater than $2 billion on each launch vehicle.

The first contracts under the SLS program were awarded over ten years ago as a part of the so-called a cost-plus model, meaning NASA pays a base amount plus expenses. (This variety of contract has been heavily criticized for encouraging long development schedules and high expenses.) In contrast, HLS contracts are “fixed price” – so SpaceX receives a one-time payment of $2.99 ​​billion, provided certain milestones are met.

Chojnacki said NASA has taken very different approaches to the HLS and SLS programs, even outside of the contracting model.

“SLS was a very traditional NASA program. NASA defined a very stringent set of requirements and dictated the fuel supplies, dictated everything to the various elements. They flowed downwards. These were cost-effective programs where aerospace companies responded and we worked in a very traditional way,” he said. “Moving to HLS, we’re doing a whole lot of moving parts without delay. Currently, SpaceX’s first landing contract includes 27 system requirements. Twenty-seven and we tried to be as relaxed as possible.

Under the SpaceX contract, they have to pass mandatory design reviews, but SpaceX may offer additional milestones as a part of the payment. One of the necessities required by SpaceX is an indication of ship-to-ship propellant transfer. These tests are scheduled to start around March 2025 and end in the summer, Chojnacki said.

“This could be the primary time this has been demonstrated on this scale, so it’s an enormous constructing block. And when you try this, you have really opened up the door to moving huge amounts of cargo and charge beyond the globe of the Earth. If you manage to have a spacecraft with a propellant unit, that can be the next step towards uncrewed demonstrations.

In addition to testing, Starship’s next major review can be the Critical Design Review (CDR) in summer 2025, when NASA will certify that the corporate has met all 27 system requirements. Chojnacki said NASA astronauts also meet with SpaceX once a month to provide information concerning the interior of Starship. The company is constructing mock-ups of the crew cabin, including the sleeping area and laboratory, in Boca Chica. NASA anticipates receiving a design update this month before it during next year’s CDR.

That’s not the one place NASA shared its input: it also provided feedback on some facets of the rocket’s design, similar to the vehicle’s cryogenic components, and in addition performed some tests on thermal plates that help keep the temperature of cryogenic fuels low.

If all goes according to plan, SpaceX will send astronauts to the Moon in September 2026.

“It’s definitely a date we’re working towards. We haven’t any known roadblocks. We have some things that need to be demonstrated for the primary time and we’ve a plan on how to exhibit them.